Comparative efficacy of intranasal and injectable vaccines in stimulating -reactive anamnestic antibody responses in household dogs.

In order to determine the comparative efficacy of injectable and intranasal vaccines to stimulate -reactive anamnestic antibodies, a trial was conducted using 144 adult household dogs of various breeds and ages, which had been previously administered intranasal vaccine approximately 12 months before enrollment. Dogs were randomized into 2 groups and blood, nasal swabs, and pharyngeal swabs were collected prior to the administration of single component vaccines intranasally or parenterally. Ten to 14 days later all dogs were resampled to measure changes in systemic and local antibody to There were no differences in the changes in -reactive serum IgG and nasal IgA between the groups, whereas intranasally vaccinated dogs had significantly higher -reactive serum IgA.

Hotspots of canine leptospirosis in the United States of America.

Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease that causes hepatic and renal disease in dogs and human beings. The incidence of leptospirosis in dogs in the USA appears to be increasing. This study used 14 years of canine leptospirosis testing data across 3109 counties in the USA to analyze environmental and socio-economic correlates with rates of infection and to produce a map of locations of increased risk for canine leptospirosis.