Essential role of sulfide oxidation in brain health and neurological disorders.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an environmental hazard well known for its neurotoxicity. In mammalian cells, HS is predominantly generated by transsulfuration pathway enzymes. In addition, HS produced by gut microbiome significantly contributes to the total sulfide burden in the body.

Exclusion of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase from mitochondria causes Leigh-like disease in mice by impairing sulfide metabolism.

Leigh syndrome is the most common inherited mitochondrial disease in children and is often fatal within the first few years of life. In 2020, mutations in the gene encoding sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR), a mitochondrial protein, were identified as a cause of Leigh syndrome. Here, we report that mice with a mutation in the gene encoding SQOR (SqorΔN/ΔN mice), which prevented SQOR from entering mitochondria, had clinical and pathological manifestations of Leigh syndrome.

The Japanese Epidemiologic Study for Perioperative Anaphylaxis, a prospective nationwide study: allergen exposure, epidemiology, and diagnosis of anaphylaxis during general anaesthesia.

Background: Diagnosis of perioperative anaphylaxis is often challenging. This study describes the utility of a newly developed tool for identifying patients with a high possibility of anaphylaxis, and aimed to investigate the frequency of anaphylaxis with each drug during the perioperative period in Japan.

Methods: This study included patients with anaphylaxis of Grade 2 or higher severity during general anaesthesia at 42 facilities across Japan in 2019 and 2020.

Intranasal administration of polysulfide prevents neurodegeneration in spinal cord and rescues mice from delayed paraplegia after spinal cord ischemia.

Background: Delayed paraplegia is a devastating complication of thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Hydrogen sulfide (HS) was reported to be protective in a mouse model of spinal cord ischemia and the beneficial effect of HS has been attributed to polysulfides. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of polysulfides on delayed paraplegia after spinal cord ischemia.

Oral Administration of Glutathione Trisulfide Increases Reactive Sulfur Levels in Dorsal Root Ganglion and Ameliorates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice.

Peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy with paclitaxel. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is typically characterized by a predominantly sensory neuropathy presenting with allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain. Oxidative mitochondrial damage in peripheral sensory neurons is implicated in the pathogenesis of PIPN.

Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 on the Number of General Anesthesia Cases in 34 Tertiary Hospitals in Japan: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Since the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Japan in January 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought about a significant change in people's lives. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have had an impact on the work of anesthesiologists, the specific impact has been largely unreported. We hypothesized that the number of general anesthesia (GA) cases has decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anesthesia for Cesarean Section and Postpartum Cardiovascular Events in Congenital Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To clarify the association between anesthetic technique and maternal and neonatal outcomes in parturients with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Design: Retrospective, observational cohort study.

Setting: An academic hospital.

Effect of left ventricular assist device implantation on right ventricular function: Assessment based on right ventricular pressure-volume curves.

Right ventricular (RV) failure is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. However, it remains unclear whether LVAD implantation could worsen RV function. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of LVAD implantation on RV function by comparing RV energetics derived from the RV pressure-volume curve between before and after LVAD implantation.

Sizing of mitral annuloplasty rings using real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and the difference between patients with and without recurrent mitral regurgitation: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Previous studies showed that the mitral inter-commissural (IC) distance differed by a few millimeters between the systolic and diastolic cardiac cycles. However, sizing of the mitral annuloplasty ring with a ring sizer, which should be performed in the systole, is performed in diastole during hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest. The aim of this study was to investigate whether three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) measurements of the mitral valve in end-systole are effective to determine the size of the annuloplasty ring.

Comparison of Right Ventricular Function Between Patients With and Without Pulmonary Hypertension Owing to Left-Sided Heart Disease: Assessment Based on Right Ventricular Pressure-Volume Curves.

Objectives: Right ventricular (RV) failure with pulmonary hypertension (PH) is frequently encountered in patients with advanced left-sided heart disease (LHD). However, RV energetics in patients with postcapillary PH because of LHD has not been well studied. The authors investigated intraoperative RV energetics in patients with PH due to LHD based on pressure-volume curves with three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization.

Measurement of the Aortic Annulus Area and Diameter by Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Objectives: Sizing of the aortic valve is crucial for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is used for sizing. Recently, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) has enabled accurate measurement of the aortic annulus area and diameter in cases that are difficult to measure.

Reappearance of Motor-Evoked Potentials During the Rewarming Phase After Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest.

Objective: Although motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) disappear in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA), MEPs have been used to confirm whether motor function is intact after DHCA. It is crucial to know the timing, body temperature, and MEP amplitude at MEP reappearance to detect spinal cord ischemia after DHCA. However, data on these parameters are sparse.

[Anesthetic Management of a Patient with Multiple System Atrophy--A Case Report].

There are only a few reports on anesthetic management for olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), a type of multiple system atrophy (MSA). We experienced anesthetic management for a surgical repair of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), a complication of OPCA. We used minimal doses of anesthetics, considering the specific perioperative complications of OPCA patients, such as hypotension, respiratory failure and prolonged effect of muscle relaxants.