A U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) overview of Pan American botanicals used in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit, scientific, standard-setting organization, and world leader in establishing quality, purity, and testing standards for medicines, foods, and dietary supplements. USP quality standards are used in more than 140 countries and are legally recognized by more than 40 countries. Currently, there is renewed interest in herbal medicines globally, and health policies are being implemented worldwide for the use of complementary and traditional medicine.

Quality variation of maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus and Liriope spicata) - A HPTLC-based approach.

The tuberous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus and Liriope spicata are used for the same therapeutic purpose in traditional Chinese medicine and are collectively referred to as maidong medicine. Interestingly, it was observed that the price of tuberous roots varies depending on their location on the plant, and fibrous roots are usually discarded post-harvest. Mislabeling might be of concern due to similarities in morphological features between the two species.

Comprehensive high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis of leaf and its adulterants.

The leaves of (syn. ) are widely used in traditional South American medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems such as gastritis and ulcers. Several herbal products containing the leaves of can be found in the market.

Investigation of market herbal products regulated under different categories: How can HPTLC help to detect quality problems?

Herbal products regulated under different categories were found to be of different quality. This has been demonstrated by the increasing number of reports on the quality of herbal products in the scientific literature. Proper identification is an effective way to address this concerning issue early on in a products' manufacturing process.

Applicability of the Universal Mixture for describing system suitability and quality of analytical data in routine normal phase High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography methods.

The Universal HPTLC Mixture (UHM) consists of eight substances (guanosine, sulisobenzone, thymidine, paracetamol, phthalimide, 9-hydroxyfluorene, thioxanthen-9-one, and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol) and yields separated zones over the whole R range for a multitude of developing solvents. Therefore, it could be used in a generic system suitability test (SST) as well as for the verification of quality of HPTLC data. In this work, changes caused by ±10% variation of the volume fractions of the developing solvent components were tested on three developing solvents, to investigate the R shifts of the UHM zones in comparison to established SSTs and results described for test samples in selected pharmacopeia monographs for identification of herbal drugs.

Development of the first universal mixture for use in system suitability tests for High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography.

The use of chromatographic methods in routine analysis includes System Suitability Tests (SST). This paper presents a novel approach to SST in HPTLC, which allows qualification of the entire R range of an HPTLC plate independently of the samples. It is based on the Universal HPTLC mix (UHM), a pre-defined mixture of eight reference substances: guanosine, sulisobenzone, thymidine, paracetamol, phthalimide, 9-hydroxyfluorene, thioxanthen-9-one, and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, selected to cover a broad range of polarities and functional groups.

Comprehensive HPTLC fingerprinting as a tool for a simplified analysis of purity of ginkgo products.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herbal medicinal products based on ginkgo leaf refined dry extract (GBE) are an European development from the Eastern Asia traditionally used species Ginkgo biloba L. Nowadays, ginkgo products have increased the presence in the market, mainly as dietary supplements. Its adulteration with rutin and quercetin or herbal extracts rich in these compounds is a common practice.

Product authenticity versus globalisation-The Tulsi case.

Using the Indian medicinal plant Tulsi (Holy Basil) as a case study, we have tested to what extent the discrepancy between vernacular and scientific nomenclature can be resolved, whether the presumed chemical diversity underlying the medicinal use of Tulsi has a genetic component, and whether it is possible to detect this genetic component using genetic barcoding markers. Based on four plastidic markers, we can define several haplotypes within Ocimum that are consistent across these markers. Haplotype II is congruent with O.

HPTLC Screening of Weight Loss Products for Deliberately Added Undeclared Synthetic Drugs.

The proposed HPTLC method combines features of the existing methods for () the detection of sibutramine and () for the detection of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and analogs. The method permits effective screening for the presence of nine adulterants in finished products, including tablets, capsules, and "instant coffee" powders. All products were prepared for analysis using the same simple procedure: ultrasound-assisted extraction in methanol for 30 min followed by centrifugation or filtration.

HPTLC fingerprint profile analysis of cocoa proanthocyanidins depending on origin and genotype.

Cocoa beans are rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as alkaloids, anthocyanins, as well as monomeric and oligomeric flavan-3-ols. A high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for a fast analysis of a fingerprint of bioactive compounds present in cocoa beans depending on genotype and origin. Evaluation was performed using HPTLC followed by densitometry.

Quality Variation of Goji (Fruits of spp.) in China: A Comparative Morphological and Metabolomic Analysis.

Goji (fruits of L. and Mill.) has been used in China as food and medicine for millennia, and globally has been consumed increasingly as a healthy food.

St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) products - an assessment of their authenticity and quality.

Background: St John's wort products (Hypericum perforatum L.) are widely available for sale in many countries including the UK via the internet. In the UK, these products are required to hold either a marketing authorisation or Traditional herbal registration (THR) to be sold legally.

Comprehensive HPTLC Fingerprinting for Quality Control of an Herbal Drug - The Case of Angelica gigas Root.

The quality of herbal drugs is usually controlled using several tests recommended in a monograph. HPTLC is the method of choice for identification in many pharmacopoeias. If combined with a suitable reference material for comparison, HPTLC can provide information beyond identification and thus may simplify quality control.

Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations.

In Valencia Region (Spain), some wild and cultivated sages are used for medicinal purposes. Among them, subsp. (SL) is widely employed and known for production of Spanish sage oil and herbal products.

HPTLC Fingerprinting and Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Metal-Chelating Capacity of Various Cultivars and .

Inhibitory activity of thirty-one ethanol extracts obtained from albedo, flavedo, seed and leaf parts of 17 cultivars of species from Turkey, the bark and leaves of L. from two locations (Turkey and Cyprus) as well as caffeic acid and hesperidin was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, using ELISA microtiter assays at 500 µg/mL. Metal-chelating capacity of the extracts was also determined.

St. John's Wort versus Counterfeit St. John's Wort: An HPTLC Study.

Hypericum perforatum L. is the most commonly used herb for treating depression. Due to the popularity of this botanical, there is a potential for economically driven adulteration of St.

The authenticity and quality of Rhodiola rosea products.

Background: Rhodiola rosea L. Crassulaceae, root (Golden Root, Arctic Root) is a high-value herbal medicinal product, registered in the UK for the treatment of stress-induced fatigue, exhaustion and anxiety based on traditional use and used throughout Europe as a herbal medicinal product for similar indications. Numerous unregistered supplements are also available.

Simultaneous Detection of Three Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Eight of Their Analogs in Lifestyle Products and Screening for Adulterants by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography.

An HPTLC method is proposed to permit effective screening for the presence of three phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is; sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil) and eight of their analogs (hydroxyacetildenafil, homosildenafil, thiohomosildenafil, acetildenafil, acetaminotadalafil, propoxyphenyl hydroxyhomosildenafil, hydroxyhomosildenafil, and hydroxythiohomosildenafil) in finished products, including tablets, capsules, chocolate, instant coffee, syrup, and chewing gum. For all the finished products, the same simple sample preparation may be applied: ultrasound-assisted extraction in 10 mL methanol for 30 min followed by centrifugation. The Rf values of individual HPTLC bands afford preliminary identification of potential PDE5-Is.

Prevention of False-Positive Results: Development of an HPTLC Autographic Assay for the Detection of Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors.

A simple and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography-based autographic assay was established to screen plant extracts for the presence of tyrosinase-inhibiting substances. Three mobile phases were selected for the chromatographic separation of different types of extracts. After development, the plate was sprayed with the substrate solution Levodopa followed by a solution of the enzyme tyrosinase.

Chemical variability along the value chains of turmeric (Curcuma longa): a comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high performance thin layer chromatography.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Herbal medicine value chains have generally been overlooked compared with food commodities. Not surprisingly, revenue generation tends to be weighted towards the end of the chain and consequently the farmers and producers are the lowest paid beneficiaries. Value chains have an impact both on the livelihood of producers and on the composition and quality of products commonly sold locally and globally and consequently on the consumers.

Screening and determination of sibutramine in adulterated herbal slimming supplements by HPTLC-UV densitometry.

The adulteration of herbal supplements is of growing importance, especially when they contain undeclared compounds like sibutramine that are unsafe drugs. Sibutramine was withdrawn from US and European markets in 2010. In this study, an HPTLC-UV densitometric method was developed for the quantification of sibutramine in herbal diet foods.

Combination of bioautography with HPTLC-MS/NMR: a fast identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from galbanum(†).

Introduction: In the search for new natural compounds with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity this study focused on galbanum, the oleo gum-resin from Ferula gummosa Boiss., which had shown AChE inhibitory activity in a screening.

Objective: The isolation of bioactive compounds from plant extracts usually is laborious and time consuming.

Discovery of GABA(A) receptor modulator aristolactone in a commercial sample of the Chinese herbal drug "Chaihu" (Bupleurum chinense roots) unravels adulteration by nephrotoxic Aristolochia manshuriensis roots.

In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay using Xenopus laevis oocytes, a petroleum ether extract prepared from a commercial sample of the traditional Chinese herbal drug labelled as " Chaihu" (Bupleurum chinense DC. roots) enhanced the I(GABA) by 156 % ± 22 % when tested at 100 µg/mL. By means of HPLC-based activity profiling combined with high-resolution LC-MS and microprobe NMR, the germacranolide aristolactone was identified as one of the main active compounds (EC₅₀ 56.

An interlaboratory investigation on the use of high-performance thin layer chromatography to perform assays of lamivudine-zidovudine, metronidazole, nevirapine, and quinine composite samples.

Two laboratories extensively investigated the use of HPTLC to perform assays on lamivudine-zidovudine, metronidazole, nevirapine, and quinine composite samples. To minimize the effects of differences in analysts' technique, the laboratories conducted the study with automatic sample application devices in conjunction with variable-wavelength scanning densitometers to evaluate the plates. The HPTLC procedures used relatively innocuous, inexpensive, and readily available chromatography solvents used in the Kenyon or the Global Pharma Health Fund Minilabs TLC methods.