Aged garlic extract inhibits development of putative preneoplastic lesions in rat hepatocarcinogenesis.

A unique garlic preparation, aged garlic extract (AGE), was examined for its modifying effect on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced neoplasia of the liver in male F344 rats, using the medium-term bioassay system based on the 2-step model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers and areas of induced glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive hepatocellular foci. GST-P-positive foci were significantly decreased in rats treated with AGE at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mL/kg, i.

Aged garlic extract maintains cardiovascular homeostasis in mice and rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in controlling the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. However, toxic peroxynitrite is produced by the reaction of NO with superoxide. We investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on NO production, and on oxidative stress induced by peroxynitrite.

Aged garlic extract inhibits peroxynitrite-induced hemolysis.

Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by constitutive NO synthase (cNOS), plays important roles in physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. However, NO, which is synthesized by inducible NOS, is detrimental when it reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite. Peroxynitrite is recognized as a powerful oxidant, and results in vascular or tissue damage.

Protective effects of a water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia and Agaricus blazei murill against X-irradiation in B6C3F1 mice: Increased small intestinal crypt survival and prolongation of average time to animal death.

Radioprotective effects of a water-soluble extracts from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia (designed as MAK) and Agaricus blazei (Agaricus) against the shortening of survival time or the injury of crypt by X-irradiation were investigated in male B6C3F1 mice. MAK and Agaricus at three different doses were mixed into basal diet into biscuits at 5, 2.5 and 1.

A water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia suppresses azoxymethane-induction of colon cancers in male F344 rats.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of a dietary water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi or Mannentake) mycelia (designated as MAK) on the induction and development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumors in male F344/Du Crj rats. A total of 80 animals were divided into five groups at six weeks of age, groups 2, 3 and 4 being given weekly subcutaneous injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) for the initial 3 weeks to induce colon tumors. Rats in group 1 and 5 were injected with the vehicle, 0.

Aged garlic extract enhances production of nitric oxide.

Nitric oxide (NO) controls several physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Three kinds of NO synthases (NOSs), neuronal constitutive NOS (ncNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial constitutive NOS (ecNOS), were responsible for NO biosynthesis. This study investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on NO production by measuring the NO metabolites nitrite and nitrate in the plasma of mice.

Prevention of development of N,N'-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors by a water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi) mycelia in male ICR mice.

The protective effects of a dietary water-soluble extract from cultured medium of Ganoderma lucidum (Rei-shi or Mannentake) mycelia (designated as MAK) against development of colon tumors were investigated in male ICR mice. The animals were given weekly injections of N,N'-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 10 mg/kg body weight) for the initial 10 weeks to induce colon carcinogenesis, and then fed on diet with or without 5% MAK for 10 weeks. There were no significant differences in incidence and the total number of colon tumors between the groups.