Diverse Strategies for Modulating Insulin Resistance: Causal or Consequential Inference on Metabolic Parameters in Treatment-Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

: The objective of this study is to investigate how different therapies modulating insulin resistance, either causally or consequently, affect metabolic parameters in treatment-naïve subjects with T2DM. : A total of 212 subjects were assigned to receive either a tight Japanese diet ( = 65), pioglitazone at doses ranging from 15-30 mg/day ( = 70), or canagliflozin at doses ranging from 50-100 mg/day ( = 77) for a duration of three months. Correlations and changes (Δ) in metabolic parameters relative to insulin resistance were investigated.

Alogliptin: a DPP-4 inhibitor modulating adipose tissue insulin resistance and atherogenic lipid.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulation of adipose tissue insulin resistance with DPP-4 inhibitors in treatment-naive subjects with T2DM and to examine its relation to other diabetic parameters.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 147 subjects were treated with alogliptin 12.5-25 mg/day (n = 55), sitagliptin 25-50 mg/day (n = 49), or teneligliptin 10-20 mg/day (n = 43) monotherapy for 3 months.

Regulation of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Parameters in Drug Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Canagliflozin Monotherapy.

The objective of this study is to investigate the link between the baseline/changes of body weight and those of diabetic parameters during treatment with an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Drug naïve subjects with T2DM received canagliflozin monotherapy for 3 months. Adipo-IR was selected as the significant factor responsible for the changes of (Δ)BMI with this drug.

Regulations of Free Fatty Acids and Diabetic Parameters in Drug Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Canagliflozin Monotherapy.

The objective of this study is to investigate the regulations of FFA with canagliflozin in relation to metabolic parameters. Drug naïve subjects with T2DM were administered 50-100 mg/day canagliflozin monotherapy (n=70) for 3 months. Significant correlations between the changes of (Δ) FFA and Δadipo-IR (R=0.

Complementary effects on glycaemic and non-glycaemic parameters between responders and non-responders treated with pioglitazone and canagliflozin in drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the differential regulation of metabolic parameters between pioglitazone and canagliflozin in relation to their glycaemic efficacies.

Methods: Drug-naive subjects with T2DM received pioglitazone 15-30 mg/day or canagliflozin 50-100 mg/day monotherapy for 3 months. Those who had a ≥1% reduction in HbA1c were defined as responders and others who had a <1% reduction were defined as non-responders.

Sitagliptin as an Initial Therapy and Differential Regulations of Metabolic Parameters Depending on its Glycemic Response in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether sitagliptin can be used as an initial drug for T2DM and to evaluate its effects on metabolic parameters in relation to its glycemic efficacies. The subjects received 25-50 mg/day sitagliptin monotherapy (n=69). At 3 months, they were divided into three groups (n=23 each) according to the novel parameter called "A1c index" which is designed to assess glycemic efficacy.

Link between serum uric acid and pancreatic beta-cell function in drug naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin.

: The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of UA with sitagliptin in relation to its glycemic/non-glycemic efficacies.: Drug naïve subjects with T2DM (n = 62) were administered 25-50 mg/day sitagliptin monotherapy for 3 months. The subjects were divided into two subgroups according to the changes in (Δ) UA (above the median [group A, n = 31]: ΔUA = 23.

Link between body weight changes and metabolic parameters in drugs naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with canagliflozin monotherapy.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlations between the changes of body weight and metabolic parameters during canagliflozin treatment.

Methods: Drug naïve subjects with T2DM (n = 84) received canagliflozin monotherapy for 3 months. The subjects were divided into three groups with equal numbers of subjects (n = 28 each) according to the reductions of BMI levels; highest (group A), intermediate (group B), and lowest (group C) reductions.

Regulation of serum uric acid with canagliflozin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes: A potential link between uric acid and pancreatic β-cell function .

Objectives: This aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of serum uric acid (SUA) levels with canagliflozin in relation to diabetic parameters.

Materials And Methods: Drug-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) received 50 - 100 mg/day canagliflozin monotherapy (n = 40) for 3 months. Levels of SUA and some diabetic parameters were monitored.

Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in patients with absolute insulin deficiency.

Objective: While dulaglutide has been approved inpatients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in combination with insulin, it has not been studied in insulin-deficient patients, not whether they have type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or T2DM. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide 0.75 mg/once weekly (QW) in patients with absolute insulin deficiency (n=10).

Two Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms of Canagliflozin Depending on Body Weight Changes in Drug-Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relations between the changes in body weight and those of glycemic and non-glycemic parameters in drug-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with canagliflozin monotherapy.

Methods: Subjects received 50-100 mg/day canagliflozin monotherapy for 3 months (n = 36), and were then divided into two groups: (1) those who lost weight [changes in (Δ)BMI ≤ - 0.45, p < 0.

Effect of Canagliflozin on Heart Function Involving Ketone Bodies in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

This report describes the effect of administration (n=3) or withdrawal (n=2) of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, on cardiac function in relation to ketone bodies. Three cases received and two cases discontinued canagliflozin. Changes of heart function with ultrasonography (EF: ejection fraction and %FS: functional shortening) and cardiometabolic parameters including ketone bodies (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutylate) were compared at 3 months.

REGULATION OF FREE FATTY ACID BY SITAGLIPTIN MONOTHERAPY IN DRUG-NAÏVE SUBJECTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sitagliptin on the regulation of free fatty acid (FFA) and other metabolic parameters in drug-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational study. Drug-naïve subjects with T2DM received 25 to 50 mg/day sitagliptin monotherapy (n = 64).

Characterization of Metabolic Parameters in Responders and Nonresponders Treated with Canagliflozin Monotherapy in Drug-naive Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of this project is to compare the effect of canagliflozin monotherapy on metabolic parameters between responders and nonresponders with this drug. This study is a prospective, unblinded, observational study.

Subjects And Methods: Drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received only 50-100 mg/day canagliflozin for 3 months ( = 39).

Canagliflozin as an Initial Therapy in Drug-Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Potential Involvement of Atherogenic Lipids in its Glycemic Efficacy.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate canagliflozin as an initial therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to explore the effects on metabolic parameters in relation to effects on glycemic control.

Subjects And Methods: Treatment-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus received canagliflozin 50-100 mg/day monotherapy. At 3 months, levels of glycemic and non-glycemic parameters were compared with those at baseline (n = 39).

Distinct Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms of Ipragliflozin Depending on Body Weight Changes.

Background: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce body weight. However, little is known about whether a reduction in body weight affects glycemic and non-glycemic parameters.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the link between the changes in body weight and those in metabolic parameters in drug-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving ipragliflozin monotherapy.

Teneligliptin, a Chemotype Prolyl-Thiazolidine-Based Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor with Insulin Sensitizing Properties.

Background And Objectives: Teneligliptin, a chemotype prolyl-thiazolidine-based novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, was preliminarily shown to reduce insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study is to further investigate the insulin sensitising properties of teneligliptin in comparison to those of sitagliptin.

Methods: Treatment-naïve subjects with T2DM were administered 20 mg/day teneligliptin monotherapy (n = 45).

Alogliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with potential anti-atherogenic properties.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of alogliptin on metabolic profiles in relation to those of glycemic control.

Patients And Methods: Treatment naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes received 12.5-25 mg/d alogliptin monotherapy (n = 59).

Teneligliptin as an initial therapy for newly diagnosed, drug naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Teneligliptin is a novel, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. The aim of this study is to explore the glycemic and non-glycemic efficacies of teneligliptin as an initial therapy.

Methods: Newly diagnosed, drug naive Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were assigned to 20 mg/day teneligliptin monotherapy (n = 31).

Effect of Pioglitazone on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Newly Diagnosed, Drug-Naïve Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pioglitazone on serum uric acid (UA) levels and several diabetic parameters in drug-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Patients And Methods: The patients (n = 68) received 7.5-30 mg/day pioglitazone monotherapy.

Alogliptin as an initial therapy in patients with newly diagnosed, drug naïve type 2 diabetes: a randomized, control trial.

The objectives of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus very low fat/calorie traditional Japanese diet (non-inferiority trial) as an initial therapy for newly diagnosed, drug naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Study design was prospective, randomized, non-double-blind, controlled trial. The study was conducted at outpatient units of municipal hospital.

Sitagliptin is effective and safe as add-on to insulin in patients with absolute insulin deficiency: a case series.

Introduction: It is generally believed that incretin-based therapies are effective in patients possessing certain levels of preserved β-cell function. So far, there are no reports that show the effectiveness of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients who absolutely lack the capacity for endogenous insulin secretion.

Case Presentation: This report describes the efficacy of sitagliptin in three Japanese patients (a 91-year-old Japanese woman with type 1 diabetes, a 54-year-old Japanese man with type 2 diabetes and a 30-year-old Japanese man with features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) who had no detectable post-meal C-peptide levels.

Differential regulations of lipid profiles between Japanese responders and nonresponders treated with pioglitazone.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on lipid profiles in relation to glycemic control. Eighty-one treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus received pioglitazone monotherapy. Subjects who had ≥ 1% reduction in hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) levels were defined as responders (n = 47) and those with < 1% reduction as nonresponders (n = 34).

Differential effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in newly diagnosed, drug-naïve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes with or without metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters in drug-naïve Japanese type 2 diabetic patients with (Diabetes Mellitus Metabolic Syndrome [DMMS] group, n = 36) and without (Diabetes Mellitus non-Metabolic Sundrome [DMNMS] group, n = 36) metabolic syndrome.

Patients And Methods: The patients received monotherapy of 15-30 mg/day pioglitazone for 3 months. The baseline levels of metabolic parameters were compared with the levels after 3 months.

Insulin-dependent actions of pioglitazone in newly diagnosed, drug naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to study the effects of pioglitazone on several diabetic parameters with subjects possessing distinct levels of insulin. Treatment naive patients with type 2 diabetes received 15-30 mg/day pioglitazone monotherapy. At 3 months, levels of insulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, HOMA-R, HOMA-B and BMI were compared with those at baseline between the low (below 5.