Pufferfish (Tetraodon cutcutia) Sampled from a Freshwater River Serves as an Intermediate Reservoir of a Sucrose Nonfermenting Variant of Vibrio cholerae PS-4.

We describe the genomic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae strain PS-4 that is unable to ferment sucrose on a thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar medium. This bacterium was isolated from the skin mucus of a freshwater pufferfish. The genome of strain PS-4 was sequenced to understand the sucrose nonfermenting phenotype.

Molecular characterization of O1 isolates obtained from outbreaks in the Philippines, 2015-2016.

The Philippines, comprising three island groups, namely, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks in 2016. Previous studies have shown that isolates obtained from the Philippines are novel hybrid El Tor strains that have evolved in the country and are clearly distinct from those found in Mozambique and Cameroon. The characterization of the strains isolated from outbreaks has been limited to phenotypic characteristics, such as biochemical and serological characteristics, in most previous studies.

Development of a monoclonal antibody for specific detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and analysis of its antigen.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. Contamination of V. parahaemolyticus in foods must be detected as quickly as possible because raw seafood, a major source of V.

Vibrio cholerae Infection in Japan Not Associated with Overseas Travel.

A 74-year-old Japanese man who was taking antacids presented with profuse diarrhea. Stool culture revealed Vibrio cholerae O1 strain, serogroup Ogawa, biotype El tor. He recalled he had consumed some sashimi but denied any history of travelling abroad, and another cholera case with almost the same strain was reported at the same time in a remote prefecture in the Kanto area.

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139.

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed. It was designed for recognizing Vibrio cholerae O1/O139, where atpA, rfbN, and wfbR genes were adopted. The assay specifically detected the target with sensitivities of 5-67 copies per reaction in 1 h.

Single Circular Chromosome Identified from the Genome Sequence of the Vibrio cholerae O1 bv. El Tor Ogawa Strain V060002.

We report here the complete genome sequence of the O1 bv. El Tor Ogawa strain V060002, isolated in 1997. The data demonstrate that this clinical strain has a single chromosome resulting from recombination of two prototypical chromosomes.

Wild waterfowl as potential vectors of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas species.

Objective: To study the hypothesis that migratory waterfowl are possible disseminators of Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas.

Methods: We monitored the presence of V. cholerae and Aeromonas in three wild waterfowl species.

Otitis Media Caused by O100: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Infections due to are rarely documented in Israel. Here we report a case of recurrent otitis media in a young male, caused by non-O1/O139. This extra-intestinal infection was caused by O100 and has been associated with freshwater exposure and travel.

A double-quadratic model for predicting Vibrio species in water environments of Japan.

Vibrio spp. are natural inhabitants of marine and estuarine environments. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus are the major infectious agents for humans.

Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O1 in northern Vietnam (2007-2009), using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis.

Cholera is an infectious disease of major concern in Vietnam and other Asian countries. In 2009, there was a large outbreak of cholera in northern Vietnam. To investigate relationships among isolates of the causative pathogen Vibrio cholerae in this region since 2007, we carried out a multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) of 170 isolates collected between 2007 and 2009.

Fatal diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O67 in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome.

A 71-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) receiving treatment with azacitidine developed extensive watery diarrhea for three consecutive days. As a result of high-grade dehydration, the patient was urgently admitted to the hospital and fluid replacement therapy was initiated. However, the patient's diarrhea did not improve.

Horizontal gene transfer of a genetic island encoding a type III secretion system distributed in Vibrio cholerae.

Twelve Vibrio cholerae isolates with genes for a type III secretion system (T3SS) were detected among 110 environmental and 14 clinical isolates. T3SS-related genes were distributed among the various serogroups and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI-digested genomes showed genetic diversity in these strains. However, the restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the T3SS-related genes had similar patterns.

Detection of Aeromonas hydrophila in liquid media by volatile production similarity patterns, using a FF-2A electronic nose.

A technique for rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms is essential for the diagnosis of associated infections and for food safety analysis. Aeromonas hydrophila is one such food contaminant. Several methods for rapid detection of this pathogen have been developed; these include multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays and the colony overlay procedure for peptidases.

Novel cholix toxin variants, ADP-ribosylating toxins in Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains, and their pathogenicity.

Cholix toxin (ChxA) is a recently discovered exotoxin in Vibrio cholerae which has been characterized as a third member of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins, in addition to exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and diphtheria toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. These toxins consist of three characteristic domains for receptor binding, translocation, and catalysis. However, there is little information about the prevalence of chxA and its genetic variations and pathogenic mechanisms.

Vibrio fluvialis in patients with diarrhea, Kolkata, India.

We identified 131 strains of Vibrio fluvialis among 400 nonagglutinating Vibrio spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. For 43 patients, V.

Multiplex PCR assay for identification of three major pathogenic Vibrio spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus.

A multiplex PCR assay was developed based on atpA-sequence diversification for molecular identification of 3 major pathogenic Vibrio species: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. It specifically identified them from among 133 strains of various Vibrio species and other genera, and was applicable for testing seawater, suggesting its usefulness.

Identification of a chitin-induced small RNA that regulates translation of the tfoX gene, encoding a positive regulator of natural competence in Vibrio cholerae.

The tfoX (also called sxy) gene product is the central regulator of DNA uptake in the naturally competent bacteria Haemophilus influenzae and Vibrio cholerae. However, the mechanisms regulating tfoX gene expression in both organisms are poorly understood. Our previous studies revealed that in V.

Enterotoxigenicity screening of viable environmental Vibrio cholerae strains from rainwater pools in a university campus in Chennai, South India.

Background: Vibrio spp., being primarily inhabitants of the aquatic environment, pose a severe health threat to humans. This problem is escalated in developing countries where water-logging after rainfall is very common.

Emergence and genetic diversity of El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 that possess classical biotype ctxB among travel-associated cases of cholera in Japan.

Vibrio cholerae O1 are classified into two biotypes, classical and El Tor, each encoding a biotype-specific cholera toxin. However, El Tor strains have recently emerged with a classical cholera-toxin genotype (El Tor variant). We characterized El Tor strains of V.

Environmental monitoring of Vibrio cholerae using chironomids in India.

Environmental Vibrio cholerae strains belonging to the non-O1/non-O139 serogroups are natural inhabitants of freshwater including estuarine environments. Recent findings indicated that chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae), the most widely distributed insects in freshwater, serve as a natural reservoir of these bacteria. Here we study the role of chironomids, particularly exuviae as carriers and as a monitoring tool for the distribution of V.

Combination of real-value smell and metaphor expression aids yeast detection.

Background: Smell provides important information about the quality of food and drink. Most well-known for their expertise in wine tasting, sommeliers sniff out the aroma of wine and describe them using beautiful metaphors. In contrast, electronic noses, devices that mimic our olfactory recognition system, also detect smells using their sensors but describe them using electronic signals.

Novel PCR-based genotyping method, using genomic variability between repetitive sequences of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor and O139.

A novel genotyping method for toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor and O139 was developed. The method was designed to amplify DNA sequences "sandwiched" between any given pair of repetitive sequences, "V. cholera repeats (VCR)", in highly polymorphic "integron island" of ca.

Application of lambda Red recombination system to Vibrio cholerae genetics: simple methods for inactivation and modification of chromosomal genes.

The lambda Red-based recombination system is very useful for genetic manipulation of some Gram-negative bacteria. Here we report simple procedures for the inactivation and modification of genes of interest on Vibrio cholerae chromosome using this recombination technique. For this purpose, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment carrying an antibiotic resistance cassette flanked by regions homologous to the target locus was electroporated into recipient V.

Diversity and seasonality of bioluminescent Vibrio cholerae populations in Chesapeake Bay.

Association of luminescence with phenotypic and genotypic traits and with environmental parameters was determined for 278 strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from the Chesapeake Bay during 1998 to 2000. Three clusters of luminescent strains (A, B, and C) and two nonluminescent clusters (X and Y) were identified among 180 clonal types. V.