CDX2 Loss With Microsatellite Stable Phenotype Predicts Poor Clinical Outcome in Stage II Colorectal Carcinoma.

Current risk factors in stage II colorectal carcinoma are insufficient to guide treatment decisions. Loss of CDX2 has been shown to associate with poor clinical outcome and predict benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III colorectal carcinoma. The prognostic relevance of CDX2 in stage II disease has not been sufficiently validated, especially in relation to clinical risk factors, such as microsatellite instability (MSI) status, BRAF mutation status, and tumor budding.

Incidence of solid cancer in patients with follicular lymphoma.

Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) have classically had a higher risk of solid cancers than the general population, but there is little data available in patients diagnosed and treated with modern day regimens. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study assessing the cumulative incidence of solid cancers other than nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with FL between 1997 and 2016 and determined the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) to compare the incidence of solid cancers with that of the general population Among 1002 FL patients with 7 years of median follow-up, we found 74 solid cancers (most common breast [ = 19], lung and colon [ = 9 each]). The cumulative incidence was 3.

Risk of secondary haematological malignancies in patients with follicular lymphoma: an analysis of 1028 patients treated in the rituximab era.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma. Currently there are many comparable treatment options available for FL. When selecting the most optimal therapy it is important to consider possible late effects of the treatment as well as survival.

Combined epithelial marker analysis of tumour budding in stage II colorectal cancer.

Tumour budding predicts survival of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been suggested to be associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the underlying molecular changes of tumour budding remain poorly understood. Here, we performed multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to phenotypically profile tumours using known EMT-associated markers: E-cadherin (adherence junctions), integrin β4 (ITGB4; basement membrane), ZO-1 (tight junctions), and pan-cytokeratin.

EGFR gene copy number decreases during anti-EGFR antibody therapy in colorectal cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number (GCN) increase is associated with a favorable anti-EGFR antibody treatment response in RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there are limited and comparative data regarding the EGFR GCN in primary colorectal cancer tumors and corresponding metastases or the effect of anti-EGFR antibody treatment on EGFR GCN in recurrent disease. In addition, little is known about the potential EGFR GCN changes during anti-EGFR therapy in comparison with other treatment regimens.

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor CIP2A indicates resistance to radiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, (C)RT, is an essential part of the treatment of rectal cancer patients, but tumor response to this therapy among patients is variable. Thus far, there are no clinical biomarkers that could be used to predict response to (C)RT or to stratify patients into different preoperative treatment groups according to their prognosis. Overexpression of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) has been demonstrated in several cancers and is frequently associated with reduced survival.

Ezrin expression combined with MSI status in prognostication of stage II colorectal cancer.

Currently used factors predicting disease recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer patients are not optimal for risk stratification. Thus, new biomarkers are needed. In this study the applicability of ezrin protein expression together with MSI status and BRAF mutation status were tested in predicting disease outcome in stage II colorectal cancer.

Advanced pancreatic cancer - how to choose an adequate treatment option.

The prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is poor, making it one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The 5-year overall survival rate remains below 5% and little progress is made during the past decade. Only about 10%-20% of patients are eligible for curative-intent surgery and the majority end up having recurring disease even after radical surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Protein phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1) expression predicts a favorable clinical outcome in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for high mortality. So far, there is lack of markers capable of predicting which patients are at risk of aggressive course of the disease. Protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A) inhibitor proteins have recently gained interest as markers of more aggressive disease in certain cancers.

Disease outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer in a cohort treated outside clinical trials.

This retrospective study included 92 consecutive patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer treated in the Turku University Hospital in 2010. The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was verified by either histological samples (adenocarcinoma) or by imaging or both, excluding other known histological types of tumours. Median patient survival was 11 months.

ALDH1 expression indicates chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in node-negative rectal cancer.

The cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) associates with treatment resistance and adverse outcome in several human cancers. We studied ALDH1 expression in rectal cancer, with special emphasis on its association with treatment response and disease outcome. Immunohistochemical staining for ALDH1 was conducted for 64 biopsies and 209 operative samples from rectal cancer patients treated with short- (n = 89) or long-course (n = 46) (chemo)radiotherapy plus surgery, or with surgery only (n = 74).

[Pancreatic adenocarcinoma--a therapeutic challenge].

In Finland, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is 3%. Surgery is the only treatment that may be curative. Adjuvant chemotherapy after radical surgery is beneficial and patients with locally advanced disease may also benefit from chemoradiotherapy.

Lack of CD44 variant 6 expression in rectal cancer invasive front associates with early recurrence.

Aim: To investigate the prognostic value of CD44 variant 6 (CD44v6), a membranous adhesion molecule, in rectal cancer.

Methods: Altogether, 210 rectal cancer samples from 214 patients treated with short-course radiotherapy (RT, n = 90), long-course (chemo) RT (n = 53) or surgery alone (n = 71) were studied with immunohistochemistry for CD44v6. The extent and intensity of membranous and cytoplasmic CD44v6 staining, and the intratumoral membranous staining pattern, were analyzed.

Main effects and interactions of carbonic anhydrase IX, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, ezrin and glucose transporter-1 in multivariate analysis for disease outcome in rectal cancer.

Strong expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ezrin and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) were previously shown to be interrelated and to affect clinicopathological prognostic factors. In the current study, operative samples from 178 rectal cancer patients, 77 treated with short-course, 47 with long-course preoperative radiotherapy (RT), and 54 with no preoperative treatment, as well as 80 preoperative biopsies from the RT group were analysed using multivariate modelling in order to assess the role of these markers as predictors of disease outcome. Multivariate survival analysis revealed several sets of panels with the potential ability to identify patients at increased or decreased risk of dying from their disease or disease recurrence.

Carbonic anhydrase IX, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, ezrin and glucose transporter-1 as predictors of disease outcome in rectal cancer: multivariate Cox survival models following data reduction by principal component analysis of the clinicopathological predictors.

Strong expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), ezrin and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) was previously shown to be related to adverse disease outcome in rectal cancer. In this study, operative samples of 178 rectal cancer patients 77 treated with short-course and 47 with long-course preoperative radiotherapy (RT), and 54 with no preoperative treatment, as well as 80 preoperative biopsies from the RT group patients were analyzed for these markers. For data reduction, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract a set of factors from the original clinicopathological variables that would explain as much as possible of their variance.

Securin identifies a subgroup of patients with poor outcome in rectal cancer treated with long-course (chemo)radiotherapy.

Background: Securin is an oncogene with functions in cell proliferation, tumour initiation and progression. Its prognostic value in rectal cancer is somewhat unknown. Accordingly, we studied securin expression together with Ki-67 in rectal cancer in relation to preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy (RT) and disease outcome.

Preoperative radiotherapy modulates ezrin expression and its value as a predictive marker in patients with rectal cancer.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of ezrin expression as a predictor of disease outcome in rectal cancer treated by preoperative radio- or chemoradiotherapy. Operative samples from 176 rectal cancer patients and 76 diagnostic preoperative biopsies from the same cohort were analyzed for ezrin expression using immunohistochemistry. The patients had received short- (n = 76) or long-course radiotherapy with (n = 36) or without chemotherapy (n = 10) or no treatment preoperatively (n = 54).

The expression and distribution of group IIA phospholipase A2 in human colorectal tumours.

Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (IIA PLA2) is a protein shown to be increased in various human malignancies. The expression profile of this protein, however, is controversial in colorectal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and expression of IIA PLA2 protein in benign, premalignant and malignant colorectal tumours as well as in peritumoural mucosa.

Up-regulation of alpha-catenin is associated with increased lymph node involvement in colorectal cancer.

Aim: To investigate the changing pattern of alpha-catenin expression and its relationship to clinical and pathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods: Archival tumor samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for alpha-catenin in 91 patients with advanced CRC.

Results: The values of alpha-catenin membrane index (MI) and cytoplasmic index (CI) were significantly related to the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.

Intense cytoplasmic ezrin immunoreactivity predicts poor survival in colorectal cancer.

Ezrin is a membrane-cytoskeleton anchor, which, in experimental models, regulates tumor cell invasion and metastatic ability. We carried out immunohistochemical analysis of ezrin in 74 advanced colorectal cancer patients and correlated it to clinicopathologic variables and disease outcome. In contrast to the predominantly membraneous immunoreactivity of normal colorectal epithelium, ezrin expression in the colorectal cells was typically cytoplasmic.

Nuclear beta-catenin expression as a prognostic factor in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

Aim: To investigate the changing pattern of beta-catenin expression and its prognostic value in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Archival tumor samples were analyzed for beta-catenin using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 95 patients with advanced CRC.

Results: Membranous beta-catenin expression was found in the normal colorectal epithelium.

Thymidylate synthase expression in primary colorectal tumours is correlated with its expression in metastases.

Objective: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and as such a critical target for fluoropyrimidines, which are widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to investigate TS expression in the primary tumours (PTs) and their metastases (M) in advanced CRC.

Material And Methods: TS expression was determined immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded biopsies of PT-M pairs in 39 CRC patients, as related to the clinical data.