Reliability of Spectral Features of Resting-State Brain Activity: A Magnetoencephalography Study.

Background Cognition is a vital sign and its deterioration is a major concern in clinical medicine. It is usually evaluated using neuropsychological assessments, which have innate limitations such as the practice effect. To compensate for these assessments, the oscillatory power of resting-state brain activity has recently become available.

Cryo-EM structure of the CENP-A nucleosome in complex with phosphorylated CENP-C.

The CENP-A nucleosome is a key structure for kinetochore assembly. Once the CENP-A nucleosome is established in the centromere, additional proteins recognize the CENP-A nucleosome to form a kinetochore. CENP-C and CENP-N are CENP-A binding proteins.

The Starfish Asterina pectinifera: Collection and Maintenance of Adults and Rearing and Metamorphosis of Larvae.

Here we describe methods for (a) collecting starfish during their breeding period; (b) maintaining adults with fully grown gonads in laboratory aquaria; (c) rearing fertilized eggs to brachiolaria larvae, and (d) inducing larvae to metamorphose into juveniles under laboratory conditions. Such protocols should facilitate various analyses of starfish development throughout the entire life cycle of these model organisms.

CDK1-mediated CENP-C phosphorylation modulates CENP-A binding and mitotic kinetochore localization.

The kinetochore is essential for faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. To form a functional kinetochore, constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) proteins are assembled on the centromere chromatin that contains the centromere-specific histone CENP-A. CENP-C, a CCAN protein, directly interacts with the CENP-A nucleosome to nucleate the kinetochore structure.

Publisher Correction: Multiple phosphorylations control recruitment of the KMN network onto kinetochores.

In the version of this Article originally published, the 'ON' and 'OFF' labels in panel c of Fig. 6 were incorrect. For the Tet treated cells (+Tet) in both image panels, CENP-T should have been 'OFF' and CENP-T Δ90 should have been 'ON'.

Multiple phosphorylations control recruitment of the KMN network onto kinetochores.

To establish a functional kinetochore, the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) forms a foundation on the centromere and recruits the KMN network, which directly binds to spindle microtubules. The CENP-C and CENP-T pathways in the CCAN recruit the KMN network to kinetochores, independently. The CENP-C pathway has been considered the major scaffold for the KMN network in vertebrate CCAN.

MEG Frequency Analysis Depicts the Impaired Neurophysiological Condition of Ischemic Brain.

Purpose: Quantitative imaging of neuromagnetic fields based on automated region of interest (ROI) setting was analyzed to determine the characteristics of cerebral neural activity in ischemic areas.

Methods: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to evaluate spontaneous neuromagnetic fields in the ischemic areas of 37 patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease. Voxel-based time-averaged intensity of slow waves was obtained in two frequency bands (0.

Sex Differences in Gamma Band Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Lobe and Cortical Areas During an Auditory Oddball Task, as Revealed by Imaginary Coherence Assessment.

We studied sex-related differences in gamma oscillation during an auditory oddball task, using magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography assessment of imaginary coherence (IC). We obtained a statistical source map of event-related desynchronization (ERD) / event-related synchronization (ERS), and compared females and males regarding ERD / ERS. Based on the results, we chose respectively seed regions for IC determinations in low (30-50 Hz), mid (50-100 Hz) and high gamma (100-150 Hz) bands.

Two new competing pathways establish the threshold for cyclin-B-Cdk1 activation at the meiotic G2/M transition.

Extracellular ligands control biological phenomena. Cells distinguish physiological stimuli from weak noise stimuli by establishing a ligand-concentration threshold. Hormonal control of the meiotic G2/M transition in oocytes is essential for reproduction.

High-gamma power changes after cognitive intervention: preliminary results from twenty-one senior adult subjects.

Introduction: Brain-imaging techniques have begun to be popular in evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive intervention training. Although gamma activities are rarely used as an index of training effects, they have several characteristics that suggest their potential suitability for this purpose. This pilot study examined whether cognitive training in elderly people affected the high-gamma activity associated with attentional processing and whether high-gamma power changes were related to changes in behavioral performance.

High frequency oscillations are less frequent but more specific to epileptogenicity during rapid eye movement sleep.

Objective: We hypothesized that high frequency oscillations (HFOs) are differently suppressed during rapid eye movement sleep (REM) between epileptogenic and less epileptogenic cortices, and that the suppressive effect can serve as a specific marker of epileptogenicity.

Methods: Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 13 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. HFOs between 80 and 200Hz were semi-automatically detected from total 15-min EEG epochs each for REM and slow wave sleep (SWS).

Attentional control and interpretation of facial expression after oxytocin administration to typically developed male adults.

Deficits in attentional-inhibitory control have been reported to correlate to anger, hostility, and aggressive behavior; therefore, inhibitory control appears to play an important role in prosocial behavior. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OT) exerts a prosocial effect (e.g.

High-gamma activity in an attention network predicts individual differences in elderly adults' behavioral performance.

The current study used a magnetoencephalogram to investigate the relationship between high-gamma (52-100 Hz) activity within an attention network and individual differences in behavioral performance among healthy elderly adults. We analyzed brain activity in 41 elderly subjects performing a 3-stimulus visual oddball task. In addition to the average amplitude of event-related fields in the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS), high-gamma power in the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the strength of high-gamma imaginary coherence between the right MFG and the left MFG, and those between the right MFG and the left thalamus predicted individual differences in reaction time.

Electro- and magneto-encephalographic spike source localization of small focal cortical dysplasia in the dorsal peri-rolandic region.

Objective: Small focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) may be ambiguous or overlooked on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Source localization of EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) spikes was evaluated to confirm the diagnosis of small FCD.

Methods: This study included 6 epilepsy patients with a single small lesion on MR imaging suggesting FCD within a single gyrus among 181 consecutive epilepsy patients admitted to our epilepsy monitoring unit over 27 months.

Cyclin B-Cdk1 inhibits protein phosphatase PP2A-B55 via a Greatwall kinase-independent mechanism.

Entry into M phase is governed by cyclin B-Cdk1, which undergoes both an initial activation and subsequent autoregulatory activation. A key part of the autoregulatory activation is the cyclin B-Cdk1-dependent inhibition of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55, which antagonizes cyclin B-Cdk1. Greatwall kinase (Gwl) is believed to be essential for the autoregulatory activation because Gwl is activated downstream of cyclin B-Cdk1 to phosphorylate and activate α-endosulfine (Ensa)/Arpp19, an inhibitor of PP2A-B55.

Antibody inhibition of protein activity in starfish oocytes.

Antibodies are widely utilized in cell and molecule biology for immunoblots, immunostaining, immunoprecipitation, immunoaffinity purification, and immunoassay. Some antibodies can be used for in vivo inhibition experiments. These antibodies bind to their target molecules and neutralize their functions, providing functional information in the study of their biological role.

The brain's response to the human voice depends on the incidence of autistic traits in the general population.

Optimal brain sensitivity to the fundamental frequency (F0) contour changes in the human voice is important for understanding a speaker's intonation, and consequently, the speaker's attitude. However, whether sensitivity in the brain's response to a human voice F0 contour change varies with an interaction between an individual's traits (i.e.

Disturbed resting functional inter-hemispherical connectivity of the ventral attentional network in alpha band is associated with unilateral spatial neglect.

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is one of the most common symptoms of right hemisphere damage; its classical symptom is that patients fail to respond to information on their left side. It has been postulated that disturbance of 2 separate attentional networks relates to the occurrence of USN. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and neuronal substrates.

Dysfunctional cortical connectivity during the auditory oddball task in patients with schizophrenia.

Background: We studied the imaginary coherence (IC) of gamma frequency oscillations between brain regions of male schizophrenia patients during an auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods: Subjects were 10 right-handed male schizophrenia patients, evaluated by the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), and 10 healthy controls. Functional connectivity during the auditory oddball task was reconstructed in low (30-50 Hz) and high (50-100 Hz) gamma bands, and represented by imaginary coherence (IC) based on significant oscillatory power changes.

Optogenetically induced seizure and the longitudinal hippocampal network dynamics.

Epileptic seizure is a paroxysmal and self-limited phenomenon characterized by abnormal hypersynchrony of a large population of neurons. However, our current understanding of seizure dynamics is still limited. Here we propose a novel in vivo model of seizure-like afterdischarges using optogenetics, and report on investigation of directional network dynamics during seizure along the septo-temporal (ST) axis of hippocampus.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-gamma activities during a 3-stimulus visual oddball task.

Although many studies have investigated the neural basis of top-down and bottom-up attention, it still requires refinement in both temporal and spatial terms. We used magnetoencephalography to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of high-gamma (52-100 Hz) activities during top-down and bottom-up visual attentional processes, aiming to extend the findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potential studies. Fourteen participants performed a 3-stimulus visual oddball task, in which both infrequent non-target and target stimuli were presented.

Greatwall kinase and cyclin B-Cdk1 are both critical constituents of M-phase-promoting factor.

Maturation/M-phase-promoting factor is the universal inducer of M-phase in eukaryotic cells. It is currently accepted that M-phase-promoting factor is identical to the kinase cyclin B-Cdk1. Here we show that cyclin B-Cdk1 and M-phase-promoting factor are not in fact synonymous.

Extension of Quantifiable Modification of sLORETA for Induced Oscillatory Changes in Magnetoencephalography.

Quantifiable modification of standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA-qm), which is one of the non-adaptive beamformer spatial filtering techniques, has been applied to source localization and quantification of evoked field or oscillatory changes in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Here, we extended this technique to induced oscillatory brain activity changes, so-called event-related desynchronization or event-related synchronization. For localizing of significantly activated brain areas at the whole-brain level, permutation tests and multiple comparison corrections with false discovery rate were applied.

Changes in Event-Related Desynchronization and Synchronization during the Auditory Oddball Task in Schizophrenia Patients.

Objective: We studied differences in the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical oscillation across brain regions of patients with schizophrenia and normal subjects during the auditory oddball task using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods: Ten right-handed male schizophrenia patients were studied. We used a newly developed adaptive spatial filtering algorithm optimized for robust source time-frequency reconstruction of MEG and EEG data, and obtained consecutive images in functional maps of event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS) in theta, lower alpha (8-10 Hz), upper alpha (10-13 Hz), and beta bands.