Adult norms for the Corbett Targeted Coin Test.

Study Design: Clinical measurement INTRODUCTION: Dexterity is important for daily activities. The Corbett Targeted Coin Test (CTCT) measures dexterity with palm-to-finger translation and proprioceptive target placement, but lacks established norms.

Purpose Of The Study: To establish norms for the CTCT with healthy adult subjects.

SUMO Interacting Motifs: Structure and Function.

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a member of the ubiquitin-related protein family. SUMO modulates protein function through covalent conjugation to lysine residues in a large number of proteins. Once covalently conjugated to a protein, SUMO often regulates that protein's function by recruiting other cellular proteins.

The impact of varying interphase interval on neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced quadriceps femoris muscle performance and perceived discomfort.

Determine the effects of varying frequency, phase duration, and interphase interval (IPI) of symmetrical, biphasic pulsed current (SBPC) on quadriceps femoris muscle torque production, perceived discomfort, and muscle fatigue when using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Ten recreationally active able-bodied participants completed this study. Muscle torque was measured during a series of laboratory based, NMES-induced muscle contractions with varying combinations of phase durations (50, 100, 150, or 200 µs) and IPIs (50, 100, 150, or 200 µs) at 25 and 50 Hz.

Methodological quality of service learning studies in rehabilitation professions: A systematic review.

Background: Service-learning (SL) has been widely implemented and grown as a pedagogy in the rehabilitation professions. However, assessment on the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of SL related to student learning outcomes and the scope of SL activities related to the occupation of work in the rehabilitation professions is not available.

Objective: This systematic review was to evaluate the rigor of the methodological quality of SL studies and the scope of SL activities related to the occupation of work in the rehabilitation professions.

Cross-validation of the Student Perceptions of Team-Based Learning Scale in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to cross-validate the factor structure of the previously developed Student Perceptions of Team-Based Learning (TBL) Scale among students in an entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) program in the United States.

Methods: Toward the end of the semester in 2 patient/client management courses taught using TBL, 115 DPT students completed the Student Perceptions of TBL Scale, with a response rate of 87%. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to replicate and confirm the underlying factor structure of the scale.

Investigation of the relationship between anthropometric measurements and maximal handgrip strength in young adults.

Background: To identify physical measures that predict maximal handgrip strength (MHGS) and provide evidence for identifying lack of sincerity of effort when assessing upper extremity weakness.

Objective: This study investigated anthropometric measurements associated with MHGS of healthy young adults.

Methods: A convenience sample of 150 healthy adults ages 19 to 34 years old completed the MHGS assessment, which was measured using a Jamar dynamometer according to the protocol of the American Society of Hand Therapists, for both dominant and non-dominant hands.

Evaluation of team-based learning in a doctor of physical therapy curriculum in the United States.

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate students' academic outcomes after implementation of the team-based learning (TBL) approach in patient/client management courses in an entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) curriculum.

Methods: The research design of this study involved comparing written and practical exam scores from DPT student cohorts taught with the traditional instructional methods (lecture-based) to those of students from subsequent cohorts taught using the TBL approach in two patient/client management courses: basic skills and cardiopulmonary. For this comparison, the exams used, the number of contact hours and labs, and the instructors who taught these courses remained the same during the transition between these two instructional methods (traditional vs.

Evaluating DNA degradation rates in faecal pellets of the endangered pygmy rabbit.

Noninvasive genetic sampling of faecal pellets can be a valuable method for monitoring rare and cryptic wildlife populations, like the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). To investigate this method's efficiency for pygmy rabbit monitoring, we evaluated the effect of sample age on DNA degradation in faecal pellets under summer field conditions. We placed 275 samples from known individuals in natural field conditions for 1-60 days and assessed DNA quality by amplifying a 294-base-pair (bp) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus and five nuclear DNA (nDNA) microsatellite loci (111-221 bp).

Bone marrow cavity: a supportive environment for islet engraftment.

An important goal in advancing islet transplantation for the treatment for type 1 diabetes, is to discover transplantation sites that promote long-term islet engraftment. Here, we investigate the bone marrow cavity in rats as a potential site for islet transplantation. Dark agouti streptozotocin diabetic recipients received DA islets to one of three sites: to the renal subcapsular, intrahepatic or bone marrow cavity site.

Modeling error variance in job specification ratings: the influence of rater, job, and organization-level factors.

The authors modeled sources of error variance in job specification ratings collected from 3 levels of raters across 5 organizations (N=381). Variance components models were used to estimate the variance in ratings attributable to true score (variance between knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics [KSAOs]) and error (KSAO-by-rater and residual variance). Subsequent models partitioned error variance into components related to the organization, position level, and demographic characteristics of the raters.

Corrections for range restriction in structured interview ethnic group differences: the values may be larger than researchers thought.

Previous studies of standardized ethnic group differences in the employment interview have shown differences to be relatively small. Unfortunately, many researchers conducting interview studies have not considered the issue of range restriction in research design. This omission is likely to lead to underestimates of standardized ethnic group differences (d) when the interview is considered as an initial screening device or used in combination with other initial screening devices.

Performance of broiler progeny of breeder flocks vaccinated with inactivated oil emulsion malabsorption syndrome virus vaccine.

Broiler breeder pullets were vaccinated at 20 to 24 weeks of age with an inactivated, oil emulsion vaccine containing the CO8 strain of avian reovirus. The vaccination induced a high and uniform antibody response that peaked 4 to 5 months postvaccination and persisted up to 11 months postvaccination. Broiler production parameters in progeny of vaccinated breeders were compared weekly with parameters of the total broiler production.

Vaccination against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease III. Growth rate of both turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease virus in coinfected cell cultures.

Titers of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in coinfected cell cultures, used to produce a live bivalent HVT/IBDV vaccine, were determined daily. Based on the daily titers, cells harvested either 2 or 3 days after inoculating the second virus (IBDV) into HVT infected cell cultures yielded the maximum titers for both viruses. Harvesting coinfected cell cultures on either day provided the most suitable source of the live HVT/IBDV vaccine against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease.

Simultaneous application of live turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease vaccines against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease.

The efficacy of cell-associated (CA) and cell-free (CF) infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccines in maternal antibody (MAb)-bearing broiler chickens was compared. Compatibility and potency of a mixed vaccine combining live CA turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and CA IBD vaccine viruses were also tested against gross lesions induced by Marek's disease (MD) or IBD in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Both CA and CF IBD vaccines provided significant protection against gross bursal lesions of IBD in the presence of MAb.

Vaccination against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease. II. Titration and in vivo efficacy of the coinfection-derived bivalent live vaccine for turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease virus.

The bivalent HVT/IBDV live vaccine, developed by cocultivation of the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine in cell cultures, was quantitated. The titer of each constituent virus could be successfully determined in vitro by pretreatment of the vaccine with anti-IBDV serum or chloroform (CHCl3). Studies in vivo further demonstrated that the anti-IBDV serum-treated HVT/IBDV vaccine lost its immunogenicity by failing to induce IBDV-neutralizing antibody or to protect vaccinates from bursal atrophy after challenge exposure to infectious bursal disease.

Vaccination against Marek's disease and infectious bursal disease. I. Development of a bivalent live vaccine by co-cultivating turkey herpesvirus and infectious bursal disease vaccine viruses in chicken embryo fibroblast monolayers.

Vaccine viruses of Marek's disease (MD), the FC-126 strain of the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and infectious bursal disease (IBD), the Bursa-Vac-M strain of IBD virus (IBDV), were propagated in the same chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) monolayers by superinfection. Co-infection of the two viruses in the same CEF culture or in a single cell can be demonstrated by staining with acridine orange and by electron microscopy.l This study was conducted with a superinfected live bivalent vaccine (HVT/IBDV) in one-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional White Leghorn (CWL) chicks.

Multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. III. Trivalent Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and arthritis/tenosynovitis viruses vaccine in primed breeders.

Inactivated Newcastle disease (NDV), infectious bursal disease (IBDV), and viral arthritis/tenosynovitis (VA) viruses were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines, either alone, in bivalent combinations, or in a trivalent vaccine. Twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens that had received previous live virus vaccination with NDV, IBDV, and VA were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent vaccines. The antibody titers to the antigens contained in the monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent vaccines increased rapidly and peaked 4 to 8 weeks postvaccination.

Multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. II. Trivalent vaccines in breeders not previously vaccinated with live Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, and tenosynovitis vaccines.

Inactivated Newcastle disease (NDV), infectious bursal disease (IBDV), and viral arthritis/tenosynovitis (VA) viruses were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines either alone, in bivalent combinations, or in a trivalent vaccine. Twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens with no previous exposure to NDV, IBDV, or VA live virus vaccines were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent, bivalent, or trivalent vaccines. The antibody responses to NDV in all three vaccines were poor, and NDV-hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) never rose above 20 during the 40-week trial.

Multivalent inactivated virus oil emulsion vaccines in broiler breeder chickens. I. Newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus bivalent vaccines.

Inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were incorporated into water-in-oil emulsion vaccines alone or as a bivalent vaccine. Twenty-week-old broiler breeder chickens that had received previous live virus vaccination with NDV and IBDV were injected intramuscularly with the monovalent or bivalent vaccine. The antibody titers to either the monovalent vaccine or bivalent vaccine increased rapidly and then remained at high levels for the duration of the 40-week trial.

Studies on interferon induction and interferon sensitivity of avian reoviruses.

Four strains of avian reovirus were ineffective inducers of interferon (IFN) in chicken kidney (CK) cell cultures. All strains were similar in single-cycle replication curves. At multiplicities of infection between 0.

Simultaneous vaccination of one-day-old broiler chickens with tenosynovitis virus and turkey herpesvirus.

An attenuated tenosynovitis virus vaccine and turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine mixed prior to vaccination were injected subcutaneously into one-day-old chicks. In laboratory and field trials there did not appear to be any interference, because chickens vaccinated with both vaccines were effectively immunized against challenge with virulent Marek's disease virus or tenosynovitis virus when compared with unvaccinated chickens or chickens vaccinated with either HVT or tenosynovitis virus. The combined tenosynovitis and HVT vaccine had essentially the same virus titers when compared to the titers of each vaccine prior to mixing.

Viral tissue tropisms and interferon production in white leghorn chickens infected with two avian reovirus strains.

Inoculation of 6-day-old and 4-week-old chickens with pathogenic or attenuated avian reovirus resulted in an inapparent infection. The virus had a greater tissue distribution and persisted longer in tissues of 6-day-old chickens. Interferon was detected in only the serum and lung of infected chickens and appeared to be related to route of inoculation.

Vaccination of broiler chicks from breeder flocks immunized with a live or inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccine.

One-day-old chicks used in this study were from breeder flocks vaccinated with live (B1 and LaSota) or inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. Chicks were vaccinated against ND by various procedures. The vaccination response was evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers and by challenge.

Further studies with an inactivated oil emulsion Newcastle disease vaccine in broiler breeders.

Chickens vaccinated with a live Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine and subsequently revaccinated with an inactivated oil emulsion ND vaccine had higher and more persistent hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody titers than birds vaccinated with live ND vaccine. The geometric mean HI antibody titers of flocks vaccinated with the inactivated ND vaccine ranged from 121 to 172, whereas the titers of flocks vaccinated every 90 days with a live ND vaccine ranged from 18 to 54. Breeder flocks revaccinated with live LaSota ND vaccine had lower egg production than the flocks vaccinated with inactivated vaccine.

Marek's disease tumors in chickens vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus vaccine.

This study evaluated the protective ability of cell-free and cell-associated turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine against Marek's disease (MD). Four variables were evaluated: cell-free versus cell-associated HVT; dose of HVT; time of exposure to MD virus (MDV), and comparison of MD challenge virus types. It was determined that gross lesions of MD were more prevalent in chickens placed in an environment at one day of age with three-week-old chickens shedding the CPF-1 isolate of MD, as in chickens given the same doses of the cell-free and cell-associated HVT vaccine but challenged subcutaneously at 2 weeks of age.