Disclosure Patterns of Opioid Use Disorders in Perinatal Care During the Opioid Epidemic on X From 2019 to 2021: Thematic Analysis.

Background: In 2021, the United States experienced a 14% rise in fatal drug overdoses totaling 106,699 deaths, driven by harmful opioid use, particularly among individuals in the perinatal period who face increased risks associated with opioid use disorders (OUDs). Increased concerns about the impacts of escalating harmful opioid use among pregnant and postpartum persons are rising. Most of the current limited perinatal OUD studies were conducted using traditional methods, such as interviews and randomized controlled trials to understand OUD treatment, risk factors, and associated adverse effects.

'I Don't Know How to Live Real Life Sober'-Identifying Needed Supports Through the Voices of Pregnant and Parenting People Seeking Recovery.

Pregnant and parenting people (PPP) experience complex challenges when seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers partnered with PPP seeking recovery from SUD to explore supports needed in their communities. Findings are reported in adherence with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research.

Uncovering the Complexity of Perinatal Polysubstance Use Disclosure Patterns on X: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, polysubstance use among pregnant women is prevalent, with 38.2% of those who consume alcohol also engaging in the use of one or more additional substances. However, the underlying mechanisms, contexts, and experiences of polysubstance use are unclear.

Association Between Metformin Use in Early Gestational or Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy and Preterm Preeclampsia.

Objective: To estimate the association between maternal metformin use for the treatment of early gestational or pre-existing type 2 diabetes and preterm preeclampsia.

Methods: This is a planned secondary analysis of the MOMPOD study (Medical Optimization of Management of Overt Type 2 Diabetes in Pregnancy), a randomized trial comparing the effect of adding metformin with insulin treatment on composite neonatal outcome in singleton pregnancies with early gestational or type 2 diabetes. Participants were randomized at 11-23 weeks of gestation to 1,000 mg metformin twice daily or placebo until delivery.

Panniculus Retractor Use for Visualization of Fetal Anatomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether use of a panniculus retractor device for pregnant patients with body mass index (BMI) 40 or higher and a panniculus improves the completion rate of the fetal anatomic examination.

Methods: This was a randomized trial in which eligible patients with BMI 40 or higher and a panniculus were randomized to undergo their detailed fetal anatomic examination with a panniculus retractor device in place compared with usual care. The primary outcome was the completion rate of 16 prespecified views from the anatomic examination.

Co-occurrence of mental illness and substance use among US pregnant individuals, 2012-2021.

Aim: Substance use disorders are increasingly prevalent among pregnant individuals, with evident risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study examines substance use (tobacco, alcohol and marijuana) among pregnant individuals with mental illness.

Methods: A national representative sample of pregnant individuals were derived from 2012 to 2021 National Survey of Drug Use and Health data.

A fungal metabolic regulator underlies infectious synergism during - aureus intra-abdominal co-infection.

and are two commonly associated pathogens that cause nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. Our prior and current work using a murine model of polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection (IAI) uncovered synergistic lethality that was driven by -induced upregulation of functional ⍺-toxin leading to polymicrobial sepsis and organ damage. In order to determine the candidal effector(s) mediating enhanced virulence, an unbiased screen of transcription factor mutants was undertaken and revealed that Δ/Δ failed to drive augmented ⍺-toxin or lethal synergism during co-infection.

Metformin Plus Insulin for Preexisting Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes in Early Pregnancy: The MOMPOD Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Insulin is recommended for pregnant persons with preexisting type 2 diabetes or diabetes diagnosed early in pregnancy. The addition of metformin to insulin may improve neonatal outcomes.

Objective: To estimate the effect of metformin added to insulin for preexisting type 2 or diabetes diagnosed early in pregnancy on a composite adverse neonatal outcome.

Candida-bacterial cross-kingdom interactions.

While the fungus Candida albicans is a common colonizer of healthy humans, it is also responsible for mucosal infections and severe invasive disease. Understanding the mechanisms that allow C. albicans to exist as both a benign commensal and as an invasive pathogen have been the focus of numerous studies, and recent findings indicate an important role for cross-kingdom interactions on C.

A deficiency screen of the 3rd chromosome for dominant modifiers of the Drosophila ER integral membrane protein, Jagunal.

The mechanism surrounding chromosome inheritance during cell division has been well documented, however, organelle inheritance during mitosis is less understood. Recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been shown to reorganize during mitosis, dividing asymmetrically in proneuronal cells prior to cell fate selection, indicating a programmed mechanism of inheritance. ER asymmetric partitioning in proneural cells relies on the highly conserved ER integral membrane protein, Jagunal (Jagn).

Leveraging Digital Technology to Support Pregnant and Early Parenting Women in Recovery from Addictive Substances: A Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Little is known about digital health interventions used to support treatment for pregnant and early parenting women (PEPW) with substance use disorders (SUD).

Methods: Guided by the Arksey and O'Malley's Scoping Review Framework, empirical studies were identified within the CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and ProQuest databases using subject headings and free-text keywords. Studies were selected based on a priori inclusion/exclusion criteria, and data extraction and descriptive analysis were performed.

Impact of the "39-week rule" on adverse pregnancy outcomes: a statewide analysis.

Background: The "39-week rule," adopted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists circa 2009, discouraged routine elective induction of labor in early-term gestations (37 weeks 0 days-38 weeks 6 days) to decrease the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. However, little research exists regarding any unintended adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with this policy shift.

Objective: This study aimed to quantify the difference in incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes before and after the implementation of the 39-week rule.

Understanding Alcohol Use Discourse and Stigma Patterns in Perinatal Care on Twitter.

(1) Background: perinatal alcohol use generates a variety of health risks. Social media platforms discuss fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and other widespread outcomes, providing personalized user-generated content about the perceptions and behaviors related to alcohol use during pregnancy. Data collected from Twitter underscores various narrative structures and sentiments in tweets that reflect large-scale discourses and foster societal stigmas; (2) Methods: We extracted alcohol-related tweets from May 2019 to October 2021 using an official Twitter search API based on a set of keywords provided by our clinical team.

Impact of restricting early-term deliveries on adverse neonatal outcomes: a statewide analysis.

Background: The "39-Week Rule" was adopted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in 2009 to eliminate nonmedically indicated (elective) deliveries before 39 weeks in an effort to improve neonatal outcomes.

Objective: Our primary objective was to quantify the effect of this policy change on adverse neonatal outcomes among a cohort of term births in South Carolina.

Study Design: Deidentified data from all births in the state of South Carolina from 2000 to 2008 (before the 39-week rule) and from 2013 to 2017 (after statewide implementation and enforcement of the rule) were obtained from the South Carolina Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office.

"It Just Depends on Their Stability": A Qualitative Examination of Patient Factors Influencing Providers' Contraceptive Counseling Approaches for Persons With Substance Use Disorders.

Objectives: This qualitative study examined how patient-related factors influence providers' contraceptive counseling for persons with substance use disorders (SUDs). Specifically, we explored individual behavior and social factors that contribute to providers modifying their contraceptive counseling approaches and described how providers alter their counseling recommendations and communication strategies in the presence of such factors.

Methods: In 2019, we purposively recruited a national sample of contraceptive providers (N = 24) and conducted semistructured phone interviews to inquire about their contraceptive counseling practices for women with SUDs.

Intestinal Inflammation Promotes MDL-1 Osteoclast Precursor Expansion to Trigger Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Loss.

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by severe gastrointestinal inflammation, but many patients experience extra-intestinal disease. Bone loss is one common extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD that occurs through dysregulated interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Systemic inflammation has been postulated to contribute to bone loss, but the specific pathologic mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.

Metabolic Adaptations During and Co-Infection.

Successful pathogens require metabolic flexibility to adapt to diverse host niches. The presence of co-infecting or commensal microorganisms at a given infection site can further influence the metabolic processes required for a pathogen to cause disease. The Gram-positive bacterium and the polymorphic fungus are microorganisms that asymptomatically colonize healthy individuals but can also cause superficial infections or severe invasive disease.

Provider Perspectives of Barriers to Contraceptive Access and Use among Women with Substance Use Disorders.

Objectives: Previous studies conducted from the patient perspective indicate that women with substance use disorders (SUDs) experience extensive barriers to contraceptive access and use (CAU), but there is limited research investigating this topic from the provider perspective. We explored provider perspectives on the barriers to CAU for women with SUDs. As a secondary objective, we highlighted provider contraceptive counseling strategies to address patient CAU barriers.

Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Commitment to excellence in obstetrical care, research, and education for people with diverse sexual and gender identities.

The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine seeks to ensure excellence in obstetrical outcomes for all people who desire or experience pregnancy, including people with diverse sexual and gender identities. The Society commits to the use of practices in clinical and research settings that affirm the sexual and gender identities of all people, encourages the development of undergraduate and graduate medical education curricula and training programs that address diverse pathways to pregnancy and support clinicians with diverse sexual and gender identities, and promotes the use of inclusive language that is accurate and, when possible, specific.

Is a 'guideline-compliant' primary cesarean delivery associated with a modified risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity?: a clinical evaluation of the 2014 ACOG/SMFM obstetric care consensus statement.

Background: It is currently unknown whether primary CDs performed in compliance with the 2014 ACOG/SMFM Obstetric Care Consensus Statement guidelines ("guideline-compliant") are associated with a modified risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity, when compared to primary CDs performed outside the guidelines ("guideline-noncompliant"). Our primary objective was to determine if a guideline-compliant primary CD is associated with a modified risk for maternal or neonatal morbidity, when compared to guideline-noncompliant primary CD.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all primary CDs at one tertiary referral center in the calendar year following publication of the Consensus Statement.

Exercise Counseling in Pregnancy: Do Women Perceive Receiving the Information They Need?

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women exercise throughout pregnancy unless they have a condition-related contraindication. This study's purpose was to determine if pregnant women perceive receiving exercise counseling by their providers with details of frequency, intensity, type, and time (FITT principle). Women in 2 postpartum care units of a large health care system were invited to complete a voluntary, anonymous survey regarding whether they received exercise counseling during their prenatal care.

Contemporary Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Pediatric Osteomyelitis Patients Display Unique Characteristics in a Mouse Model of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis can result from the direct inoculation of pathogens into bone during injury or surgery or from spread via the bloodstream, a condition called hematogenous osteomyelitis (HOM). HOM disproportionally affects children, and more than half of cases are caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Laboratory models of osteomyelitis mostly utilize direct injection of bacteria into the bone or implantation of foreign material and therefore do not directly interrogate the pathogenesis of pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis.

Contraceptive initiation after delivery among women with and without opioid use disorders: A retrospective cohort study in a statewide Medicaid population, 2005-2016.

Background: This study examined contraceptive initiation patterns in the 12 months following childbirth among women with opioid use disorder (OUD), women with non-opioid substance use disorders (SUDs), and women without SUDs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using claims data from South Carolina Medicaid-enrolled women aged 15-44 who had singleton live birth between January 2005 and December 2016. Study outcomes were initiation of most or moderately effective (MME) contraceptive methods.