Fracture Load of Veneered and Monolithic Single-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses Made from the High-Performance Thermoplastic Polyphenylene Sulfone.

Purpose: To investigate the fracture load of different veneers for monolithic single-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made of a novel potential framework material, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU).

Materials And Methods: The fracture loads of four PPSU frameworks with different veneers (manual polymer veneer with Ceramage Body A3B; prefabricated polymer veneer with Novo.lign; digital polymer veneer with Telio CAD; digital ceramic veneer with IPS Empress CAD) and a monolithic control group (PPSU, Gehr) were examined initially and after 1,200,000 masticatory (50 N, 1.

Impact of resin composite cement on color of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing ceramics.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the color of a resin composite cement (RCC) on the optical properties of different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics.

Materials And Methods: Specimens (N = 220, thickness: 0.9 ± 0.

3D printing of dental restorations: Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymer materials.

In the seminal field of 3D printing of dental restorations, the time and cost saving manufacturing of removable and fixed dental prostheses from thermoplastic polymer materials employing fused filament fabrication (FFF) is gaining momentum. As of today, the additive manufacturing of the established semi-crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) requires extensive post-processing and lacks precision. In this context, the amorphous polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) may provide a higher predictability and reliability of the results.

Impact of varying step-stress protocols on the fatigue behavior of 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP ceramic.

Objective: To test the impact of three varying step-stress protocols on the fatigue behavior of two 3Y-TZP, one 4Y-TZP and one 5Y-TZP zirconia materials.

Methods: Eight specimens per zirconia material (N = 32) were selected for static testing to determine the start load for dynamic tests (30% of the mean value of static fracture load). 45 specimens per material (N = 180) were used for dynamic load tests using three step-stress protocols: 1.

Bonding Behavior Between Polyetheretherketone and Polymethylmethacrylate Acrylic Denture Polymer.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of pretreatment and conditioning on shear bond strength (SBS), surface free energy (SFE) and surface roughness (SR) between polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and cold-cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Materials And Methods: PEEK substrates (Dentokeep PEEK Disc, nt-trading) were air abraded with Al2O3 particles of different grain sizes applied with varying pressure at 1) 0.2 MPa - 50 µm Al2O3; 2) 0.

Three-dimensionally printed and milled polyphenylene sulfone materials in dentistry: Tensile bond strength to veneering composite resin and surface properties after different pretreatments.

Statement Of Problem: Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) is a thermoplastic that can be processed using 3-dimensional printing. PPSU is new to dentistry, and scientific data on its properties are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the surface properties and the tensile bond strength (TBS) between PPSU and a veneering composite resin in comparison with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Evaluation of translucency, Marten's hardness, biaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness of 3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP materials.

Objectives: Testing and comparing of different non-shaded zirconia materials (3Y-TZP, 4Y-TZP and 5Y-TZP) on optical and mechanical properties.

Materials And Methods: Zirconia materials (N = 320, Opaque O, Translucent T, Extra Translucent ET, High Translucent HT) were investigated on translucency, Martens parameter, biaxial flexural strength, Chevron-Notch-Beam (CNB) fracture toughness (K) and grain size. The grain size was analyzed using a scanning electron microcopy (SEM).

Mechanical and optical properties of indirect veneering resin composites after different aging regimes.

This study tested and compared properties of six modern indirect veneering resin composites (VRC), namely Ceramage (Shofu), dialog Vario (Schütz Dental), Gradia Plus (GC Europe), in:joy (Dentsply), Signum composite (Heraeus Kulzer), and SR Nexco (Ivoclar Vivadent). Specimens were fabricated from dentin and enamel pastes and following properties were analyzed: (1) two-body wear (TB), (2) surface roughness (SR), (3) Martens hardness parameters (HM and E), and (4) translucency (T). The highest impact on HM and E was exerted by VRC brand (HM: η=0.

Comparison of mechanical properties of different reinforced glass-ceramics.

Statement Of Problem: Data concerning the mechanical properties of the newly developed lithium disilicate ceramic HS10PC are lacking.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the flexural strength (FS), Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (E), fracture load (FL), and wear resistance (WR) of HS10PC compared with those of the established glass-ceramics IPS e.max Press and IPS Empress Esthetic.

Retention force of polyetheretherketone and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum removable dental prosthesis clasps after artificial aging.

Objectives: To examine the retention force of removable dental prosthesis (RDP) clasps made from polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and cobalt-chrome-molybdenum (CoCrMo, control group) after storage in water and artificial aging.

Materials And Methods: For each material, 15 Bonwill clasps with retentive buccal and reciprocal lingual arms situated between the second pre- and first molar were manufactured by milling (Dentokeep [PEEKmilled1], NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank [PEEKmilled2], bredent), pressing (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press [PEEKpressed], bredent), or casting (remanium GM 800+ [CoCrMo], Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. A total of 50 retention force measurements were performed for each specimen per aging level (initial; after storage [30 days, 37 °C] and 10,000 thermal cycles; after storage [60 days, 37 °C] and 20,000 thermal cycles) in a pull-off test.

Is the high-performance thermoplastic polyetheretherketone indicated as a clasp material for removable dental prostheses?

Objectives: To investigate the retention force of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) removable dental prosthesis clasps in comparison with a cobalt-chrome-molybdenum control group after storage in artificial saliva.

Materials And Methods: Clasps were milled (Dentokeep (PEEKmilled1), NT digital implant technology; breCAM BioHPP Blank (PEEKmilled2), bredent), pressed (BioHPP Granulat for 2 press (PEEKpressed), bredent), or cast (remanium GM 800+ (cobalt-chrome-molybdenum), Dentaurum); N = 60, n = 15/subgroup. Retention force was examined 50 times/specimen in a pull-off test using the universal testing machine (Zwick 1445), where pull-off force was applied with a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute until the maximum force dropped by 10%, at different aging levels: (1) initial, after storage in artificial saliva for (2) 90 and (3) 180 days.

Impact of thermocycling on mechanical properties and discoloration of veneering composite resins after storage in various staining media.

Statement Of Problem: Veneering composite resins (VCRs) are often used to veneer frameworks, but knowledge of mechanical, surface, and discoloring properties is scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of thermocycling on flexural strength (FS) and the influence of different staining media on the discoloration (ΔE) and surface free energy (SFE) of VCRs.

Material And Methods: The following VCRs were tested: Ceramage, dialog Vario, Gradia Plus, in:joy, Signum composite, and SR Nexco.

Effect of high-speed sintering on the flexural strength of hydrothermal and thermo-mechanically aged zirconia materials.

Objective: To investigate the influence of high-speed and conventional sintering on the flexural strength (FS) of three zirconia materials initial and after artificial aging.

Methods: Milled zirconia specimens (3Y-TZP: ZI and Zolid; 4Y-TZP: Zolid HT+; Amann Girrbach AG; N = 288, n = 96/group) were sintered in a high-speed sintering protocol (final temperature 1580 °C, n = 48/subgroup) or a conventional sintering protocol (control group, final temperature 1450 °C, n = 48/subgroup). FS was tested initially and after artificial aging (10 h in an autoclave or 1,200,000 chewing cycles; n = 16/subgroup).

Measuring the polymerization stress of self-adhesive resin composite cements by crack propagation.

Objectives: To test the polymerization stress of nine self-adhesive resin composite cements (G-CEM, iCEM, Bifix SE, Maxcem Elite, PANAVIA SA, SoloCem, SmartCem 2, SpeedCEM, RelyX Unicem 2) and one glass ionomer cement (control group; Ketac Cem).

Materials And Methods: The crack propagation of a feldspar ceramic (n = 130) was determined by measuring crack lengths that originated from Vickers indentations, prior to and after the application and polymerization of the self-adhesive resin cements. Results for crack propagation were converted to polymerization stress values, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffé post hoc test.

Fracture Load of Veneered Telescopic Secondary Crowns Made of High-Performance Polymer on Zirconia Primary Crowns: Impact of Veneering Technique.

Purpose: To analyze the impact of different veneering techniques on the fracture load of telescopic secondary crowns made of a high-performance polymer (Ultaire aryl ketone polymer [UAKP]).

Materials And Methods: Zirconia primary crown models (taper of 0 degrees) were prepared (N = 48), polished, scanned, and divided into four veneering groups (n = 12 each): premanufactured, digital, full anatomical, and vestibular. For all groups except vestibular, a standardized telescopic secondary crown (thickness: 0.

Suitability of the new Aryl-Ketone-Polymer indicated for removable partial dentures: Analysis of elastic properties and bond strength to denture resin.

Elastic properties of Aryl-Ketone-Polymer (UAKP) and tensile bond strength (TBS) to denture resin (PalaXpress) were tested. Indentation modulus (E) and indentation hardness (H) were measured via Martens hardness (n=10 specimens) with 4.2±0.

Flexural strength, fracture toughness, three-body wear, and Martens parameters of pressable lithium-X-silicate ceramics.

Objectives: To test and compare five pressable lithium-X-silicate-ceramics on their mechanical and wear properties.

Methods: Specimens were pressed and prepared from: i. Amber Press (AP), ii.

Bond strength between a high-performance thermoplastic and a veneering resin.

Statement Of Problem: High-performance thermoplastics have been adopted as framework materials. However, their bond strength to an esthetic veneering material is unclear.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between an aryl-ketone polymer (Ultaire AKP) and veneering resins.

Flexural strength and fracture toughness of two different lithium disilicate ceramics.

To test the impact of the pressing furnace on flexural strength and facture toughness of the lithium-disilicate-ceramics HS10PC (HS) and IPS e.max Press (IP). Three hundred and sixty specimens (3×4×30 mm) were pressed (n=180/ceramic) using different pressing furnaces, namely Austromat 654 Press-i-dent (AUS), Programat EP5000 (PRO), and Vario Press 300 (VAR).

Influence of different surface treatments on two-body wear and fracture load of monolithic CAD/CAM ceramics.

Objectives: To investigate two-body wear (2BW) and fracture load (FL) of monolithic ceramics after different surface pretreatments.

Materials And Methods: Zirconia (MOZ), lithium-disilicate (LIT), and leucite-reinforced (LEU) specimens (n = 60/group) were manufactured with CAD/CAM-technology and underwent (n = 15/subgroup): 1) grinding + polishing (GrPo), 2) grinding + glazing (GrGz), 3) grinding (Gr), or 4) glazing (Gz). Scanning electron microscope (n = 3/subgroup) and 3D measurements of the ceramic crowns and antagonists (N = 180) were performed to determine 2BW before and after 120,000/1,200,000 masticatory cycles.

Differences in Radiopacity, Surface Properties, and Plaque Accumulation for CAD/CAM-Fabricated vs Conventionally Processed Polymer-based Temporary Materials.

Clinical Relevance: As temporary materials are often used in prosthetic dentistry, there is need to investigate their behavior in the oral environment. Parameters such as surface roughness and surface free energy correlate to the level of plaque adhesion, which can impact gingival health.

Towards eco-friendly secondary plant metabolite quantitation: Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography applied to common vervain (Verbena officinalis L.).

This report presents the first ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography diode array detector based assay for simultaneous determination of iridoid glucosides, flavonoid glucuronides, and phenylpropanoid glycosides in Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) extracts. Separation of the key metabolites was achieved in less than 7 min on an Acquity UPC Torus Diol column using a mobile phase gradient comprising subcritical carbon dioxide and methanol with 0.15% phosphoric acid.

Influence of Different Cleaning Procedures on Tensile Bond Strength Between Zirconia Abutment and Titanium Base.

Purpose: To investigate the tensile bond strength between zirconia abutments and titanium bases, luted with two different resin composite cements, after different cleaning procedures.

Materials And Methods: Zirconia abutments and titanium bases were luted with either a DMA/HEMA-based cement (n = 80; Multilink Hybrid Abutment, Ivoclar Vivadent) or a Bis-GMA/TEGDMA-based cement (n = 80; Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake). The adhesive gap of half of the specimens was polished (n = 40 per resin composite cement).

Impact of storage media and temperature on color stability of tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials for final restorations.

Background: This in-vitro study examined the impact of storage solution, storage duration, and storage temperature on discoloration of three tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials for final restorations.

Methods: Specimens ( = 288; = 96 per material) with a thickness of 1 ± 0.03 mm of the following CAD/CAM materials were fabricated: resin composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M), polymer-infiltrated ceramic (VITA Enamic, VITA Zahnfabrik), and leucite ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent).

Fracture Toughness Analysis of Ceramic and Resin Composite CAD/CAM Material.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the fracture toughness of dental CAD/CAM materials of different material classes intended for in-office milling (glass ceramics, hybrid, resin composites) and the influence of aging on this property.

Methods And Materials: The fracture toughness (critical intensity factor, K) values of 9 CAD/CAM restorative materials (Ambarino High-Class, Brilliant Crios, Cerasmart, exp. CAD/CAM composite, Katana Avencia, Lava Ultimate, VITA Enamic, IPS Empress CAD, and IPS e.