A comparative in vitro kinetic study of [14C]-eugenol and [14C]-methyleugenol activation and detoxification in human, mouse, and rat liver and lung fractions.

Eugenol is a natural alkenylbenzene compound used in a variety of consumer products. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of eugenol to experimental animals. However, in vitro tests for the genotoxic potential of eugenol have on occasion reported a positive result.

2-Aminoanthracene, diethylstilboestrol and vinblastine tested in the in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test at British American Tobacco UK in support of the OECD draft Test Guideline 487.

Reference genotoxic compounds 2-aminoanthracene, diethylstilboestrol and vinblastine were tested in the in vitro micronucleus assay using Chinese hamster V79 derived cells in the laboratories of British American Tobacco in the UK. The work was conducted in support of the cytotoxicity measures recommended in the 2007 version of the OECD Test Guideline 487. The three compounds were positive in the assay in the presence and absence of the cytokinesis blocking agent cytochalasin B at concentrations that did not exceed the recommended cytotoxic limits determined by relative population doubling, relative increase in cell counts, relative cell counts and cytokinesis block proliferation index.

Measurement of oxidative DNA damage induced by mainstream cigarette smoke in cultured NCI-H292 human pulmonary carcinoma cells.

Cigarette smoke is a complex dynamic mixture of more than 4800 chemicals distributed between the particulate and vapour phases. It is widely acknowledged that cigarette smoke is capable of causing oxidative damage in DNA, either directly or through generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we have used a novel system for exposing cultured NCI-H292 human pulmonary carcinoma cells at the air-liquid interface, to investigate the potential effects of cigarette smoke on oxidative DNA damage by use of the modified comet assay with formamidopyrimidine N-glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (Endo III) to reveal purine and pyrimidine lesions, respectively.

Application of a two-stage Syrian hamster embryo cell transformation assay to cigarette smoke particulate matter.

The induction of transformation in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells is a multifactorial process, in comparison to endpoints induced in in vitro genotoxicity assays such as Ames, mouse lymphoma and cytogenetics [Y. Berwald, L. Sachs, In vitro cell transformation with chemical carcinogens, Nature (London) 200 (1963) 1182-1184].

An overview of the effects of tobacco ingredients on smoke chemistry and toxicity.

This paper presents an overview of a series of studies designed to assess the influence of 482 tobacco ingredients on cigarette smoke chemistry and toxicity. The studies are: pyrolysis of the ingredients; influence of the ingredients on smoke constituents believed by regulatory authorities to be relevant to smoking-related diseases ("Hoffmann analytes"); influence of the ingredients on in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of smoke partiulate matter; and influence of the ingredients on the inhalation toxicity of smoke. The present paper brings the salient features of these studies together.