Probably the Complex around the Staple Line Exacerbated after Radiation Therapy.

The space around the staple line after lung surgery is at high risk of nontuberculosis pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Solitary nodules of NTM-PD around the staple line are difficult to distinguish from lung cancer. There is no clear identification from laboratory data and radiologic findings without histological examination.

An aberrant medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7b) behind the superior segmental pulmonary vein (V6) in a patient undergoing right superior segment (S6) segmentectomy.

Herein, we report the first case of a patient with lung cancer with an aberrant medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7b) behind the superior segmental pulmonary vein (V6) who underwent right superior segment (S6) segmentectomy via uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uVATS). A 56-year-old man with a right lower lobe pure ground-glass nodule (GGN), measuring 12 mm in diameter on computed tomography (CT) had an aberrant A7b branching from the basal pulmonary artery, which was located behind the V6 as detected on 3D CT. The right S6 segmentectomy, via uVATS, for the GGN was performed.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation with metal allergy.

We present a rare case of single pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) with multiple metal allergies, including for platinum. A 47-year-old woman presented to our hospital without any symptoms. Enhanced computed tomography showed a single PAVM in S6 of the right lung.

An aberrant mediastinal medial basal segmental pulmonary artery (A7a) in a patient with lung cancer: a case report.

Background: Mediastinal branching of the A7a from the right main pulmonary artery (PA) is extremely rare. Herein, we report a patient with an aberrant mediastinal A7a who underwent right basal segmentectomy for lung cancer.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old man was referred to our department for a right lower lobe nodule measuring 18 mm in diameter on computed tomography (CT).

Advantages of additional PET vs. MRI in the clinical diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors.

The present study retrospectively examined the diagnostic utility of adding positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to computed tomography (CT) alone for preoperative diagnosis of anterior mediastinal tumors. A total of 104 consecutive patients who had undergone surgical resection of anterior mediastinal tumors were divided into two groups: Additional PET to another modality and no additional PET to another modality, and further subdivided into three groups: CT alone, additional MRI to CT and additional PET to CT. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing malignant tumors in each subgroup was calculated.

Fas/FasL signaling is critical for the survival of exhausted antigen-specific CD8 T cells during tumor immune response.

Antigen (Ag)-specific activated CD8 T cells are critical for tumor elimination but become exhausted, and thus, dysfunctional during immune response against the tumor due to chronic antigen stimulation. The signaling of immune checkpoint receptors is known to be a critical component in this exhaustion; however, the fate of these exhausted CD8 T cells remains unclear. Therefore, to elucidate this, we followed the fate of Ag-specific CD8 T cells by directly visualizing them using MHC class I tetramers coupled with ovoalubumin in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with EG.

SIRT6 expression is associated with poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Despite advances in the development of various therapeutic agents, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with a poor prognosis. To improve the prognosis of patients with NSCLC, new therapeutic targets for overcoming drug resistance are required. The process of autophagy is required to support the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of cancer cells.

A case of lung adenocarcinoma with postoperative recurrence of multiple bone metastases that showed a gradual complete response to combined administration of erlotinib and zoledronic acid.

We describe a case of lung adenocarcinoma with multiple postoperative bone metastases that showed a gradual but complete response to combined administration of erlotinib and zoledronic acid. A 76-year-old man with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma underwent a radical left upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Three and a half years after the operation, serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was elevated and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET) revealed multiple bone metastases.

Preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography can predict the tumor malignancy of small peripheral lung cancer.

Purpose: Recent advances in image diagnostic technology have enhanced the discovery of peripheral small size lung cancers. Here, we examined the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for the evaluation of grade of tumor malignant potency.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients with peripheral small lung cancers (≤2 cm) who underwent surgical resections and preoperative FDG-PET were enrolled.

FBXW7 mediates chemotherapeutic sensitivity and prognosis in NSCLCs.

Unlabelled: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. To improve the prognosis of patients with NSCLCs, new and validated therapeutic targets are critically needed. In this study, we focused on F-box and WD repeat domain containing-7 (FBXW7), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, that regulates the degradation of MCL1, Myc, cyclin E, and TOP2A.

Surgical resection of a solitary pulmonary metastasis from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a relatively rare variant of esophageal malignancies. It is regarded as a disease with a poor prognosis because of the high frequency of distant metastases. We managed a case of resected solitary pulmonary metastasis of BSCC of the esophagus in a 78-year-old female.

Thoracoscopic wedge resection through a single incision using a thin puncture device.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been enthusiastically used as a less-invasive diagnostic or therapeutic surgical procedure in recent years. VATS results in considerably less postoperative pain than traditional thoracotomy incisions. The current trend is to reduce the number of ports and minimize the length of incisions to further reduce postoperative pain, chest wall paresthesia, and length of hospitalization.

Pulmonary metastasis from breast cancer with an 18-year disease-free interval: implication of the role of surgery.

The appearance of pulmonary metastasis more than 15 years after primary treatment for breast cancer is rare. We herein report the case of a breast cancer patient with solitary pulmonary metastasis, after an 18-year disease-free period, treated with resection. A 66-year-old Japanese woman was found to exhibit an abnormal shadow on a chest X-ray.

Podoplanin overexpression in human mesothelioma cell lines enhances the tumorigenic phenotype.

Podoplanin, a small type I integral membrane mucin-type sialoglycoprotein, serves as a useful marker for diagnosing malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM); however, the physiological function of podoplanin in mesothelioma cells is not known. To elucidate the role of podoplanin in the pathogenesis of MPM, we generated two mesothelioma cell lines (PODO1 and PODO2) that stably express high levels of podoplanin. Although PODO1 cells proliferated to the same extent in culture or in nude mice, the survival rate of the mice was significantly reduced compared with that of the controls.

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma of the lung: report of a case.

A 35-year-old female presented with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules on a chest X-ray during a regular health checkup. Chest computed tomography revealed multiple well-defined nodular shadows in the lung. She had undergone a myomectomy 7 years previously for leiomyoma of the uterus.

Surgical resection and reconstruction for a giant cell tumor of the anterior rib.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are rare neoplasms, most commonly arising in the metaphysis/epiphysis of long bones. They consist of multinucleated giant cells with surrounding spindle-shaped mononuclear stromal cells. GCTs rarely appear in the ribs.

Successful resection of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer with muscle metastasis as the initial manifestation: a case report.

Here, we report a rare case of a 39-year-old male who presented with left forearm pain and swelling as the initial manifestation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient underwent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection of the primary lesion as a salvage treatment. Four years and 7 months after his first presentation, the patient is alive with no symptoms of recurrence or metastasis.

Pulmonary aspergilloma in patient with anorexia nervosa: case report.

A 31-year old female with anorexia nervosa was referred to the Department of General Surgical Science at Gunma University for a surgical resection of a pulmonary aspergilloma. The patient had received treatment for anorexia nervosa at the Department of Psychiatry of the Hospital of Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine. A chest radiograph showed an infiltrative shadow with apical pleural thickening in the left upper lung field.

Primary mediastinal atypical meningioma: report of a case and literature review.

Meningiomas are common neoplasms arising from the central nervous system meninges. On the other hand, primary ectopic meningiomas are extremely rare and usually limited to the head and neck region or to the paravertebral soft tissues. Their occurrence in the mediastinum is even rarer.

Thoracoscopic resection of a mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung.

Mesenchymal cystic hamartomas are uncommon tumors originating from nodules of primitive mesenchymal cells, and their occurrence in the lung is extremely rare. We present a case of surgically resected mesenchymal cystic hamartoma of the lung in a 49-year old woman who presented without any symptoms. Chest computed tomography showed a solitary cystic lesion in the right lower lobe.

Successful resection of a glomus tumor of the trachea.

Extracutaneous glomus tumors are uncommon, and their occurrence in the trachea is rare. We present a case of a surgically resected glomus tumor of the trachea in a 56-year-old woman who presented with worsening dyspnea and cough. Bronchoscopy and computed tomography showed a polypoid tumor arising from the posterior membrane of the lower trachea just above the carina; the tracheal lumen was approximately 80% occluded.

Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR TKIs and development of a new generation of drugs in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Gefitinib and erlotinib, which are epidermal growth factor receptor- (EGFR-) specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are widely used as molecularly targeted drugs for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, the search for EGFR gene mutations is becoming essential for the treatment of NSCLC since these have been identified as predictive factors for drug sensitivity. On the other hand, in almost all patients responsive to EGFR-TKIs, acquired resistance is a major clinical problem.

Case of Bochdalek hernia in the elderly: success with laparotomy.

Bochdalek hernia is usually diagnosed in pediatric patients and not in the elderly. In adults, there are some cases resulting in misdiagnosis of pneumonia, pleural effusion, congenital bulla, and pneumothorax by chest roentgenogram. We present here a rare case of Bochdalek hernia in an elderly patient who suffered from sudden back pain and had the hernia repaired with laparotomy.

Immunohistochemical analysis of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor might provide a surrogate marker of EGFR mutation.

Purpose: Overexpression of EGFR is found in several malignancies including lung cancers. Recently, EGFR mutation has been shown to correlate with responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Although antibodies against phophorylated EGFR have been used in vitro, phosphorylated EGFR has yet not been examined well in resected non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).