Updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on primary outpatient thromboprophylaxis in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers receiving chemotherapy.

Advanced gastric cancer is a highly thrombogenic cancer per Khorana score. Recent clinical practice guidelines suggest primary outpatient thromboprophylaxis (POTP) for patients with a Khorana score ≥2. We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of POTP in patients with gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancers receiving chemotherapy.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Associated With Cardiac Arrhythmias.

Rickettsial infection, known as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is a challenging diagnosis as early clinical manifestations are difficult to distinguish from viral illnesses. Symptoms at presentation depend on the organs involved, ranging from a skin rash as evidence of vascular damage to prerenal azotemia, respiratory failure, hepatic injury, or encephalitis. We report an unusual case of an otherwise healthy 83-year-old female whose serologies tested positive for , which led to cardiac dysrhythmia, i.

Surge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections linked to single introduction of a virus strain in Myanmar, 2020.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major health concern globally. Genomic epidemiology is an important tool to assess the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mutations have been reported by genome analysis of the SARS-CoV-2.

Obesity is Associated with Poor Covid-19 Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Our aim was to assess the association between obesity and the risk of unfavourable outcomes (composite of severe disease and mortality) in inpatients with COVID-19. We conducted a systematic search of databases between December 2019 and 28th June 2020. Studies were included if they reported or allowed estimation of an odds ratio (OR) for unfavourable outcome in obese compared to non-obese patients hospitalised for COVID-19.

Pyrazinamide resistance and pncA mutations in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Myanmar.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important anti-tuberculosis drug, which is active against semi-dormant bacilli and used as a component of first-line drugs and drug-resistant tuberculosis regimens. Mutations in pncA and its promoter region are main cause of PZA resistance. There are limited PZA susceptibility data as there is no routine drug susceptibility testing (DST) for PZA.

Understanding non-compliance in small-scale fisheries: Shark fishing in Myanmar's Myeik Archipelago.

Achieving fisheries compliance is challenging in contexts where enforcement capacity is limited and the incentives for rule-breaking are strong. This challenge is exemplified in Myanmar, where an active shark fishery exists despite a nationwide ban on targeted shark fishing. We used the Kipling method (5W1H) to gather a complete story of non-compliance in five small-scale fishing communities in the Myeik Archipelago.

Translating drug resistant tuberculosis treatment guidelines to reality in war-torn Kandahar, Afghanistan: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Afghanistan is affected by one of the world's longest protracted armed conflicts, frequent natural disasters, disease outbreaks and large population movements and it suffers from a high burden of tuberculosis (TB), including rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB). The study shows Médecins Sans Frontières' experiences with care for patients with RR-TB in Kandahar Province. We describe the uptake of RR-TB treatment, how World Health Organisation criteria for the choice between the short and an individualized regimen were implemented, and treatment outcomes.

Evaluation of the QuantaMatrix Multiplexed Assay Platform for Molecular Diagnosis of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Using Clinical Strains Isolated in Myanmar.

Background: Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is decreasing, cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB continue to increase. As conventional phenotype drug susceptibility testing (pDST) takes six to eight weeks, molecular assays are widely used to determine drug resistance. we developed QuantaMatrix Multiplexed Assay Platform (QMAP) MDR/XDR assay (QuantaMatrix Inc.

Genotypes and genetic characters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Myanmar using three typing methods.

Knowledge on basic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is helpful to understand the disease epidemiology and support the prediction of clinical outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to detect the genotypes and genotypic characters of clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from new and retreatment rifampicin-resistant patients using three different genotyping methods. Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing was used to determine the diversity of 222 clinical isolates.

Using longitudinal syndromic surveillance to describe small ruminant health in village production systems in Myanmar.

A novel syndromic surveillance approach was used to describe small ruminant health in Myanmar, to help overcome limitations in disease diagnosis common in many parts of the world, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Observations were made from July 2015 to June 2016 of ten clinical syndromes in 12 goat herds and sheep flocks owned by smallholders in the Central Dry Zone. Strengths and weaknesses to using syndromic surveillance in a village setting were identified using a formal surveillance evaluation framework, 'SERVAL'.

Molecular Strain Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a Review of Frequently Used Methods.

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the most serious global health problems. Molecular typing of M. tuberculosis has been used for various epidemiologic purposes as well as for clinical management.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Myanmar.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most serious health problems in Myanmar. Because TB drug resistance is associated with genetic mutation(s) relevant to responses to each drug, genotypic methods for detecting these mutations have been proposed to overcome the limitations of classic phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). We explored the current estimates of drug-resistant TB and evaluated the usefulness of genotypic DST in Myanmar.

Sexually transmitted infections among male highway coach drivers in Myanmar.

A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from February 2008 to December 2009 at the largest Highway Terminal, Yangon, Myanmar to determine the prevalence of curable STIs (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydial infections, and trichomoniasis), to find out the associated factors for STIs, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gonococcal infection among highway drivers. Urine and blood specimens were collected from 601 male highway coach drivers after an interview about their behavior. Standard laboratory tests were carried out to detect STIs.