The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran.

Objectives: This review aimed to analyse the impacts of international economic sanctions on the overall health status of Iranians and the health system performance of Iran, in addition to identifying effective strategies for making the health system resilient to sanctions.

Study Design: A scoping review.

Methods: Three databases and grey literature were reviewed, and additional papers were identified in the lists of references.

IRAN National Cancer Control Program (IrNCCP): Goals, Strategies, and Programs.

Background: Annually, over 131000 new cases of cancer have been identified in Iran, with an increasing trend that is predicted to grow by 40% by 2025. The most important contributing factors to this increase are the improvement of the health service delivery system, increased life expectancy, and the aging of the population. The aim of this study was to develop Iran's "National Cancer Control Program" (IrNCCP).

The role of midwives in implementing reproductive health services in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: It is essential to study the availability of reproductive health services and the capacities of providers, to provide evidence for improving service quality.

Aims: To identify the role of midwives in the provision of reproductive health services and recommend improvements.

Methods: A national review of government health resources in the Islamic Republic of Iran was conducted to explore available reproductive health services.

Methods and criteria for the assessment of orphan drugs: a scoping review.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify different criteria for priority setting of rare diseases to help policy makers in making evidence-informed decisions.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted to comprehensively examine the existing various methods and criteria for prioritizing orphan drugs and rare diseases. We performed searching in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and websites of health technology assessment (HTA) agencies, 2000-21, and data were extracted.

Knowledge gaps and national research priorities for COVID-19 in Iran.

Background: In the present COVID-19 crisis, one of the greatest challenges for research funding at both the international and national level is selecting the best research topic to achieve efficiency and equity in health research and to address the knowledge gap urgently raised due to the event. Despite international recommendations, countries should consider their context-specific situation and define local research priorities. We aimed to exercise a priority-setting activity to identify the knowledge gaps and suggest research priorities in response to the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.

Policy options for strengthening evidence-informed health policy-making in Iran: overall SASHA project findings.

Background: The institutionalization of evidence-informed health policy-making (EIHP) is complex and complicated. It is complex because it has many players and is complicated because its institutionalization will require many changes that will be challenging to make. Like many other issues, strengthening EIHP needs a road map, which should consider challenges and address them through effective, harmonized and contextualized strategies.

Developing Framework and Strategies for Capacity Building to Apply Evidence-Informed Health Policy-Making in Iran: Mixed Methods Study of SAHSHA Project.

Background: SASHA, which stands for "evidence-informed health policy-making (EIHP)" in Persian, is a national project to draw a roadmap for strengthening EIHP in Iran. As a part of SASHA, this research aimed to develop evidence-based and context-aware policy options for increasing the capacity of decision-makers to apply EIHP in Iran.

Methods: This was a qualitative study, which was informed by a literature review of pull efforts' capacity building programs.

Policy options to increase motivation for improving evidence-informed health policy-making in Iran.

Background: Current incentive programmes are not sufficient to motivate researchers and policy-makers to use research evidence in policy-making. We conducted a mixed-methods design to identify context-based policy options for strengthening motivations among health researchers and policy-makers to support evidence-informed health policy-making (EIHP) in Iran.

Methods: This study was conducted in 2019 in two phases.

Current and former smokers among adolescents aged 12-17 years in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking, especially among adolescents, is considered a serious public health concern worldwide being associated with increased mortality. The present study was designed as the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of current and former smoking behavior among adolescents in Iran.

Methods: Seven international scholarly databases, namely Scopus, Embase, Pubmed/Medline, ISI/Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library, Psyc Info and Cinahl, were extensively searched from January 2000 to September 18, 2019.

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.

Status of Human resources management in Iran's health sector and the path to development: A qualitative study.

Resource generation, stewardship, financing, and provision of health care services are 4 major functions of the health system. In this study, human resource management, as a vital aspect of resource generation, was studied and some interventions have been suggested for Iran. This was a mixed method study.

Universal health coverage in Iran: Where we stand and how we can move forward.

Over the last 4 decades, many initiatives have been implemented to accomplish equitable accessible health care for all Iranian citizens. The latest reform to address universal health coverage (UHC) is Health Transformation Plan (HTP), which resulted in significant improvements in health outcomes. Nevertheless, several challenges in the fields of sustainability of resources, service delivery, and health governance continued to exist.

Iran towards universal health coverage: The role of human resources for health.

Given the key role of adequate, skilled, well-trained, and motivated human resources for health (HRH) in achieving universal health coverage (UHC), this manuscript aimed to investigate the current situation of Iran HRH after the implementation of the recent Health Transformation Plan (HTP) in accordance with UHC analytical framework using 4 domains of availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality. Conflicts of interest and multiple interventions from different sectors have controversial and sometimes negative effects on the health workforce. Thus, to achieve the objectives of UHC from the perspective of human resources, Iran needs unified governance and comprehensive planning.

Physicians' retention rate and its effective factors in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Migration of physicians from less developed countries to affluent ones has become as one of the major concerns of human resource policy-makers. This leads to problems such as inequity in the distribution of physicians, lack of physicians in less developed areas, as well as an excess of the health workforce in developed environs. Thus, policy-makers aim to increase retention of physicians in their places of origin.

Higher Income for Male Physicians: Findings About Salary Differences Between Male and Female Iranian Physicians.

Background: In recent decades, the role of women in the organizations of developed and less developed countries has increased, but little is known about gender gap in salaries of Iranian physicians.

Aims: To analyze the gender gap in the salary of physicians working in public health sector of Iran and its predicting factors in 2016.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Public Health Activist Skills Pyramid: A Model for Implementing Health in All Policies.

Affecting public health for society requires various competencies. In fact, the prerequisite for the implementation of health in all policies should be effectiveness of public health activists (PHAs) in these competencies. This study aims to determine the competencies of the activists in public health.