Dose-response analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis HD-1 cry- spore reduction on surfaces using formaldehyde with pre-germination.

Aim: To establish a basis for rapid remediation of large areas contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores.

Methods And Results: Representative surfaces of wood, steel and cement were coated by nebulization with B. thuringiensis HD-1 cry- (a simulant for B.

Resonant Mie scattering (RMieS) correction of infrared spectra from highly scattering biological samples.

Infrared spectra of single biological cells often exhibit the 'dispersion artefact' observed as a sharp decrease in intensity on the high wavenumber side of absorption bands, in particular the Amide I band at approximately 1655 cm(-1), causing a downward shift of the true peak position. The presence of this effect makes any biochemical interpretation of the spectra unreliable. Recent theory has shed light on the origins of the 'dispersion artefact' which has been attributed to resonant Mie scattering (RMieS).

Reflection contributions to the dispersion artefact in FTIR spectra of single biological cells.

Fourier transform infrared spectra of a single cell in transflection geometry are seen to vary significantly with position on the cell, showing a distorted derivative-like lineshape in the region of the optically dense nucleus. A similar behaviour is observable in a model system of the protein albumin doped in a potassium bromide disk. It is demonstrated that the spectrum at any point is a weighted sum of the sample reflection and transmission and that the dominance of the reflection spectrum in optically dense regions can account for some of the spectral distortions previously attributed to dispersion artefacts.

Spectral discrimination of live prostate and bladder cancer cell lines using Raman optical tweezers.

An investigation into the use of Raman optical tweezers to study urological cell lines is reported, with the ultimate aim of determining the presence of malignant CaP cells in urine and peripheral fluids. To this end, we trapped and analyzed live CaP cells (PC-3) and bladder cells (MGH-U1), because both prostate and bladder cells are likely to be present in urine. The laser excitation wavelength of 514.

Measurement of elastic properties of prostate cancer cells using AFM.

This communication reports that three prostate cancer cells of differing metastatic potential were discriminated based on their Young's moduli (LNCaP - 287 +/- 52 N m(-2), PC-3 - 1401 +/- 162 N m(-2) and BPH - 2797 +/- 491 N m(-2)) which were determined using AFM and the Hertz model.

Discrimination of prostate cancer cells and non-malignant cells using secondary ion mass spectrometry.

This communication utilises Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) combined with multivariate analysis to obtain spectra from the surfaces of three closely related cell lines allowing their discrimination based upon mass spectral ions.

Optical artefacts in transflection mode FTIR microspectroscopic images of single cells on a biological support: the effect of back-scattering into collection optics.

Infrared microspectroscopic imaging data of single human prostate cancer cells, on an artificial extracellular matrix (Matrigel) thin-film surface, are presented. The spectral intensity maps, obtained in reflection mode, appear to show that the protein intensity distribution observed at the location of a cell changes dramatically depending on the concentration and/or thickness of the underlying Matrigel layer. Specifically, cells adhered to a low protein concentration or thin surface exhibit a higher protein intensity signal than the surrounding layer whereas those on a high protein concentration or thick surface exhibit a lower protein intensity signal.

Discrimination of prostate cancer cells by reflection mode FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy.

In this communication reflection mode Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) is used to obtain IR spectra of four prostate and prostate cancer cell line types (CaP) allowing their differentiation by principal components analysis.

Direct evidence of lipid translocation between adipocytes and prostate cancer cells with imaging FTIR microspectroscopy.

Various epidemiological studies show a positive correlation between high intake of dietary FAs and metastatic prostate cancer (CaP). Moreover, CaP metastasizes to the bone marrow, which harbors a rich source of lipids stored within adipocytes. Here, we use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to study adipocyte biochemistry and to demonstrate that PC-3 cells uptake isotopically labeled FA [deuterated palmitic acid (D(31)-PA)] from an adipocyte.

A correlation of FTIR spectra derived from prostate cancer biopsies with gleason grade and tumour stage.

Objectives: We introduce biochemistry as a second dimension to Gleason grading, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. For the first time, we correlate FTIR spectra derived from prostate cancer (pCA) tissue with Gleason score and the clinical stage of the tumour at time of biopsy.

Methods: Serial sections from paraffin-embedded pCA tissue were collected.

The combined application of FTIR microspectroscopy and ToF-SIMS imaging in the study of prostate cancer.

At present. a prognosis for prostate cancer (CaP) is determined by its accurate assessment of disease grade and stage. Histopathological typing using the Gleason grading system is the most universally accepted approach for grading CaP and provides an indication as to the aggressiveness of the tumour at the time of presentation.