[Why compare hepatosplenic bilharziasis in six African countries with the help of ultrasonography? Presentation of a WHO project including Madagascar].

During a morbidity survey in two endemic foci of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis in the malagasy Hauts Plateaux (Tetikanana, 80 km East of Ambositra and Lohanosy, in the vicinity of Antananarivo), the objectives of a comparative pathology WHO project are presented. The survey in Madagascar was concurrently organized by the Ministry of Health (Bilharziasis central laboratory, DLMT), the Parasitology Unit of the local Pasteur Institute and the Medical Parasitology Institute of Bonn University, in Germany. This was the fourth part of this investigation of the morbidity variation due to Schistosoma mansoni infection in six african countries, a project sponsored by the WHO within its TDR programme.

The paediatric registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association: 20 years' experience.

The first publication of the paediatric registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association appeared in 1971. Since then nearly 50 further articles have appeared and this paper provides a full bibliography as well as tracing the changes in the provision of care, methods and results of treatment of end-stage renal disease in childhood over the last 20 years.

[In spinal symptoms remember toxoplasmosis].

A 4 weeks old girl presented a macrocephalus, elevated intracranial pressure and paralysis of both legs. The CT scan showed a hydrocephalus internus with stenosis of the aqueduct and periventricular calcifications. The cranial and spinal MRT scan revealed numerous lesions of the cerebral parenchyma and the spinal cord, which were detected after injection of Gadolinium Dimethylentriaminaceticacid (Gd DTPA).

[Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity].

Background: A number of acquired De-Toni-Debre-Fanconi-Syndromes have been reported after cytostatic treatment with Ifosfamide. For the majority of these patients prognosis of renal function was poor. In our study we evaluated the frequency of subclinical tubulopathies, the influence of the cumulative Ifosfamide dose and other risk factors and the prognosis of once established tubular dysfunction.

Long versus standard prednisone therapy for initial treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Nephrologie.

Two regimens of steroid treatment for the initial attack of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children were compared in a controlled prospective multi-centre study. Long prednisone therapy consisted of 60 mg/m2 per 24 h for 6 weeks, followed by alternate day 40 mg/m2 per 48 h for 6 weeks. The standard prednisone therapy was 60 mg/m2 per 24 h for 4 weeks, followed by 40 mg/m2 per 48 h for 4 weeks.

Partial and complete de Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome after ifosfamide chemotherapy of childhood malignancy.

Ten out of 79 patients treated with ifosfamide (IFO) developed a complete (n = 2) or partial (n = 8) de Toni-Debré-Fanconi syndrome (RFS). All but one of these patients had been treated in addition with cisplatinum (CPL) or had undergone radiotherapy to the abdomen or nephrectomy as part of the overall treatment for malignancy. A detailed nephrological work-up of proximal tubular function showed decreased fractional phosphate and percent aminoacid reabsorption in 37.

Factors influencing anaemia in dialysis patients. A special survey by the EDTA-ERA Registry.

The European Dialysis and Transplantation Association-European Renal Association (EDTA-ERA) Registry conducted a special study on anaemia in dialysis patients because it seemed important to elucidate the various factors that influence the degree of anaemia and the use of regular transfusions in dialysis patients before the introduction of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) for larger groups of patients. In a 20% sample of all patients recorded to have been dialysed throughout 1987, statistically significant associations could be found by multifactorial analysis between haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and age, sex, primary renal disease, type of treatment, hours of dialysis per week, and number of years on renal replacement therapy. The type of dialyser membrane did not seem to play a role (although there was weak evidence of an effect of the dialyser).

Ultrasound versus clinical examination as indication for Schistosoma mansoni associated morbidity in children.

In order to compare clinical versus ultrasound based diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni induced periportal fibrosis (pF) 536 infected Sudanese schoolchildren underwent clinical and sonographical examination. A liver exceeding 3 cm in sternal line and a palpable spleen were considered pathological. Ultrasound criteria for age dependent organometry of a Central European cohort were used as reference.

[Has post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis disappeared?].

We report on 21 children with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN). The diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory criteria. 19/21 had a clinically apparent throat infection initially, but only 6 received antibiotic treatment.

[Diseases involving the heart and kidney in children and adults].

An association of renal and cardiac manifestations can be observed in a variety of diseases. The pathogenetic factors may include, firstly, a disturbance of organ development due to chromosomal aberration or an underlying syndrome or, secondly, infectious, immunologic and metabolic factors. In addition, primarily isolated diseases of the heart or the kidney may lead to damage of the previously unaffected organ.

Ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid for a district hospital in the tropics.

To improve diagnostic capabilities, an ultrasound unit was installed at a major hospital in Wad Medani, Sudan. During the implementation period (October 1986 to March 1987) of ultrasound service, 863 patients were examined cooperatively by Sudanese and German physicians. The service covered internal medicine (47.

[Neonatal variant of Bartter syndrome].

A male preterm infant of 32 weeks of gestation with history of severe polyhydramnios during pregnancy presented soon after birth with polyuria with initial sodium chloride loss subsequently followed by increasing potassium loss. After manifestation of hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, alkalosis and high urinary prostaglandin concentrations, the diagnosis of the neonatal variant of Bartter's syndrome was made. The treatment consisted of administered of large amounts of fluid with sodium chloride and potassium supplementation and indomethacin (1.

Ultrasonographical investigation of periportal fibrosis in children with Schistosoma mansoni infection: reversibility of morbidity twenty-three months after treatment with praziquantel.

In February 1987, 322 Sudanese school children were diagnosed for Schistosoma mansoni infection and treated randomly with praziquantel (either 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg body weight). A followup of these subjects was carried out in January 1989. This treatment resulted in a substantial reduction of egg output.

Urine test strips: reliability of semi-quantitative findings under tropical conditions.

Semi-quantitative urinalysis with urine reagent strips (URS) for erythrocyturia (EU), leucocyturia (LU) and proteinuria (PU) was performed in Congolese and Sudanese school children with Schistosoma haematobium and/or S. mansoni infection. Quantitative urinalysis was performed on the same specimen using microscopy and a Neubauer counting chamber for EU and LU and the Coomassie blue dye-binding assay for PU.

[Clinical spectrum of nephrotic syndrome].

Aim Of Study: A wide spectrum of glomerular diseases manifests as a nephritic syndrome with haematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, edema, and impaired renal function. Little is known about the presentation of each symptom and the distribution of the underlying glomerular diseases.

Methods: In order to delineate the clinical spectrum of glomerular disease presenting as a nephritic syndrome, we examined the records of 192 patients who had been followed in our paediatric nephrological outpatient clinic between 1973 and 1988 for a nephritic syndrome.

Paediatric aspects of renal transplantation: experience of a single centre.

From 1970 to 1991 a total of 244 renal transplantations were performed in 203 children at the Medical School in Hannover. The mean patient age was 10.4 years with a range between 11 months and 16.

Renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal failure before 2 years of age.

This report concerns 296 children (67% males and 33% females) from 24 countries who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal failure between 1969 and 1988. Children under 2 years of age represented 3.6%, 4.

Rehabilitation of young adults during renal replacement therapy in Europe. 2. Schooling, employment, and social situation.

The educational status, employment rate and social situation were studied in 617 patients between 21 and 35 years of age who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) as children. The data were derived from a special questionnaire concerning disability and rehabilitation sent to dialysis and transplant centres reporting to the EDTA Registry. Fifty-six percent of patients completed secondary school and one in three went on to vocational training.

Rehabilitation of young adults during renal replacement therapy in Europe. 1. The presence of disabilities.

The aim of this study was to analyse rehabilitation during RRT in 617 young adults from different European countries who started dialysis or transplantation before the age of 15 years. The data were derived from the EDTA Registry patient data files and a special questionnaire that was sent to centres reporting to the EDTA Registry. The duration of RRT was more than 10 years in 63% of patients.