Supporting cardiomyopathy screening behavior in adult survivors of childhood cancer: an eHealth motivational interviewing-framed pilot intervention.

Purpose: The Healthy Hearts pilot study evaluated the effect of an eHealth motivational interviewing-framed intervention on cardiomyopathy screening-related knowledge, health beliefs, intrinsic motivation, and behavioral action steps among adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods: We consented N = 73 survivors to participate in a single-arm pilot study. Participants completed an online baseline survey (n = 68) assessing knowledge, health beliefs, and intrinsic motivation related to cancer therapy-induced cardiomyopathy and screening echocardiograms.

Kidney Function and Body Composition in Adult Survivors of Unilateral, Non-Syndromic Wilms Tumor: A Report From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: The relationships among treatment exposures, body composition, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in adult survivors of Wilms tumor have not been well studied.

Methods: We evaluated body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and eGFR with the updated Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations (creatinine only-eGFR, cystatin C only-eGFR, creatinine and cystatin C-eGFR) without race in 134 adults previously treated for unilateral, non-syndromic Wilms tumor at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1964 and 2004 with chemotherapy and with (hemiabdomen [HA] or whole abdomen [WA]) or without radiation therapy (RT).

Stochastic Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient Algorithm with Adaptive Step Sizes.

In this work, we propose a new primal-dual algorithm with adaptive step sizes. The stochastic primal-dual hybrid gradient (SPDHG) algorithm with constant step sizes has become widely applied in large-scale convex optimization across many scientific fields due to its scalability. While the product of the primal and dual step sizes is subject to an upper-bound in order to ensure convergence, the selection of the ratio of the step sizes is critical in applications.

A PSMA-targeted Tri-specific Killer Engager enhances NK cell cytotoxicity against prostate cancer.

Natural killer (NK) cell tumor infiltration is associated with good prognosis in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). NK cells recognize and kill targets by a process called natural cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that promoting an antigen-specific synapse with co-activation may enhance NK cell function in mCRPC.

The accuracy of estimating equations for the evaluation of kidney function in adult survivors of unilateral, nonmetastatic, non-syndromic Wilms tumor: A pilot study from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: Adult survivors of unilateral, nonmetastatic, non-syndromic Wilms tumor (WT) treated with whole abdomen radiation therapy (WART) are at risk for impaired kidney function. The impact of bias and accuracy on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among adult survivors of WT has not been well documented.

Procedure: We clinically evaluated male and female WT survivors with creatinine and cystatin C, calculated eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology equations with and without cystatin C, and measured Tc diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) plasma clearance.

Autonomic Dysfunction Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: The burden and functional significance of autonomic dysfunction among survivors of childhood cancer is unknown.

Objectives: We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and functional relevance of autonomic dysfunction in survivors.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional prospective evaluation of 1,041 adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines (31.

Predicting undergraduate OSCE performance using traditional and construct-driven situational judgment tests at admission.

Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs) are popular to screen for social skills during undergraduate medical admission as they have been shown to predict relevant study outcomes. Two different types of SJTs can be distinguished: Traditional SJTs, which measure general effective behavior, and construct-driven SJTs which are designed to measure specific constructs. To date, there has been no comparison of the predictive validity of these two types of SJTs in medical admission.

Associations between perceived cancer impact and measures of health behavior in survivors of childhood cancer.

Purpose: Perceived cancer impact (PCI) is the degree to which one feels cancer has impacted one's life. It is unknown if PCI is associated with health behaviors. The aim of this study is to determine associations between PCI and health behaviors in childhood cancer survivors.

Sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages in relation to premature aging in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Background: Premature aging is a significant concern in adult survivors of childhood cancer as they develop aging-related conditions at a younger age than their peers with no history of childhood cancer. Although modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, are postulated to affect aging process, supporting evidence is sparse.

Methods: We examined if the consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages was related to premature aging in 3322 adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St.

Circadian rhythm of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in serum and plasma.

The neurotrophic growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression. BDNF has been proposed as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring therapy. Understanding the factors influencing BDNF levels and whether they follow a circadian rhythm is essential for interpreting fluctuations in BDNF measurements.

Using neurocognitive phenotypes to inform interventions for adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Background: Neurocognitive impairments are sequelae of childhood cancer treatment, however little guidance is given to clinicians on common phenotypes of impairment or modifiable risk factors that could lead to personalized interventions in survivorship.

Methods: Standardized clinical testing of neurocognitive function was conducted in 2958 (74.1%) eligible survivors, who were at least 5 years postdiagnosis and aged older than 18 years, and 477 community controls.

Topological Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.

The interplay of topology and optics provides a route to pursue robust photonic devices, with the application to photonic quantum computation in its infancy. However, the possibilities of harnessing topological structures to process quantum information with linear optics, through the quantum interference of photons, remain largely uncharted. Here, we present a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effect of topological origin.

The burden of cardiovascular disease and risk for subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events in survivors of childhood cancer: a prospective, longitudinal analysis from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Background: The effect of the increasing lifetime burden of non-major cardiovascular conditions on risk for a subsequent major adverse cardiovascular event among survivors of childhood cancer has not been assessed. We aimed to characterise the prevalence of major adverse cardiovascular events and their association with the cumulative burden of non-major adverse cardiovascular events in childhood cancer survivors.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study with participant data obtained from an ongoing cohort study at St Jude Children's Research Hospital: the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE).

Uncertainty quantification in computed tomography pulmonary angiography.

Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the thorax is widely used for the detection and monitoring of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, CT images can contain artifacts due to the acquisition or the processes involved in image reconstruction. Radiologists often have to distinguish between such artifacts and actual PEs.

Antibody-mediated cellular responses are dysregulated in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a severe complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection characterized by multi-organ involvement and inflammation. Testing of cellular function ex vivo to understand the aberrant immune response in MIS-C is limited. Despite strong antibody production in MIS-C, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing can remain positive for 4-6 weeks after infection.

Translating a motivational interviewing intervention for childhood cancer survivors into an eHealth tool: A user-centered design process.

Childhood cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing cardiomyopathy than members of the general population. Screening echocardiograms can facilitate early detection and treatment of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, motivational interviewing can increase uptake of cardiac screening.

Associations of seven measures of biological age acceleration with frailty and all-cause mortality among adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort.

Survivors of childhood cancer may experience accelerated biological aging, resulting in premature frailty and death. We used seven measures of biological age in the St. Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE) Cohort to compare biological age acceleration between the SJLIFE Cohort and the third United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey controls, explore trajectories of biological age according to cancer treatment and type, and test associations of biological age acceleration with frailty and death (mean follow-up of 26.

Modifiable Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: State-of-the-Art Review.

The growing community of childhood cancer survivors faces a heavy burden of late onset morbidities and mortality, with cardiovascular diseases being the leading noncancer cause. In addition to demographics and cancer treatment exposures, which cannot be altered, cardiometabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) and frailty potentiate the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic health conditions. Important opportunities exist to target these risk factors and improve late health outcomes for survivors.

Severe Sepsis During Treatment for Childhood Leukemia and Sequelae Among Adult Survivors.

Importance: Children undergoing treatment for leukemia are at increased risk of severe sepsis, a dysregulated immune response to infection leading to acute organ dysfunction. As cancer survivors, they face a high burden of long-term adverse effects. The association between sepsis during anticancer therapy and long-term organ dysfunction in adult survivors of childhood cancer has not been examined.

Lifestyle and Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess longitudinal associations between lifestyle and subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in young adult childhood cancer survivors.

Methods: Members of the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) aged ≥18 years and surviving ≥5 years after childhood cancer diagnosis were queried and evaluated for physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), smoking, risky drinking, and a combined lifestyle score.