Identification of Strains from Animal Cases in Ethiopia and Genetic Characterization by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease characterized by rapid onset with usual fatal outcomes in livestock and wildlife. In Ethiopia, anthrax is a persistent disease; however, there are limited data on the isolation and molecular characterization of strains. This study aimed to characterize isolated from animal anthrax outbreaks between 2019 and 2024, from different localities in Ethiopia.

Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) and Revised Metformin Cost-Effectiveness Conclusions in the Diabetes Prevention Program/ Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We reviewed a 10-year CEA to assess this. Treatment alternatives included placebo, branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification.

Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Forming Characteristics of Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates at a Hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Background:  infections are becoming difficult to treat due to the bacterium's biofilm-forming capabilities and rising resistance to multiple antibiotics, posing a growing clinical challenge. This study assessed the antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation by isolates from patients at a hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.

Method: From patients exhibiting signs of bacterial infection, while excluding recent antibiotic users or those with incomplete data, 417 clinical samples comprised of 84 blood, 108 pus, and 225 urine samples were obtained in a cross-sectional study.

Diarrheagenic in Stool Specimens Collected from Patients Attending Primary Healthcare Facilities in Ethiopia: Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Molecular Characterization.

The diarrheagenic (DEC) is the major cause of diarrheal diseases in Africa, including Ethiopia. However, the genetic diversity of pathotypes found in Ethiopia has not been studied well. This study aimed to characterize potential DEC belonging to enteropathogenic (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), enteroaggregative (EAEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), and enteroinvasive (EIEC) pathotypes from stool specimens of patients attending primary healthcare units ( = 260) in Addis Ababa and Hossana using whole-genome sequencing.

Genomic Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Isolated from Stools of Primary Healthcare Patients in Ethiopia.

The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in is a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant from a previously obtained collection of 260 isolates from fecal samples of patients attending primary healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana, Ethiopia. A total of 29 isolates (19 phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing and 10 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates) were used.

Urinary tract infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus attending selected hospitals in Addis Ababa and Adama, central Ethiopia.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and antibacterial resistance (ABR) are important public health problems, but they are not well-studied among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) globally, especially in low-income countries. Therefore, it is important to regularly measure the extent of UTIs and ABR in the most susceptible populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of UTIs, associated factors, bacterial causal agents, and their antibiotic susceptibility profile among PLHIV in central Ethiopia.

Examining Delineated Competencies within Blended Hospital/Health System Pharmacy and General Medicine Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

In the United States, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs are required to provide advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in the core inpatient rotation areas of hospital/health system pharmacy and inpatient general medicine patient care. Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy (C/SOPs) nationwide are increasingly utilizing blended or longitudinal APPE models to offer experiential opportunities; however, there is a gap in the literature to support programs with delineating rotation-specific competencies when integrating two or more rotations together. Utilizing a survey instrument, PharmD students at two C/SOPs reported their onsite inpatient rotation sub-competency activities achieved within the four competency areas of Hospital/Health Pharmacy Systems, Medication Safety and Quality, Clinical Applications, and Professional Practice, which are listed in Appendix C of the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards Guidance Document.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolated from vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

The resistance of foodborne pathogens to antimicrobial agents is a potential danger to human health. Hence, establishing the status of good agricultural practices (GAPs) and the antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens has a significant programmatic implication in planning interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the gap in attaining GAP and estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella in vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program 3-year trial: The cost-effectiveness that never was.

Aim: To highlight oversimplified quality-adjusted life year (QALY) calculations and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) regarding lifestyle metformin and placebo as flaws in the trial-based (Diabetes Prevention Program) cost-effectiveness analysis.

Materials And Methods: We revised the QALY calculations to conform to convention and calculated appropriate ICERs using both original and revised QALYs results. We used several additional health economics tools to present results, showing the consistency of each method and the added value of each.

isolates from vegetable farms in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Antimicrobial susceptibility profile and associated resistance genetic markers.

The use of animal manure to fertilize soil is an emerging concern contributing to the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens to vegetables. Hence, assessing antimicrobial susceptibility profile of in vegetable farms is essential to design appropriate interventions against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food chain. This study assessed antimicrobial resistance profile and associated genetic markers among isolated from vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

A Machine Learning Application to Classify Patients at Differing Levels of Risk of Opioid Use Disorder: Clinician-Based Validation Study.

Background: Despite restrictive opioid management guidelines, opioid use disorder (OUD) remains a major public health concern. Machine learning (ML) offers a promising avenue for identifying and alerting clinicians about OUD, thus supporting better clinical decision-making regarding treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical validity of an ML application designed to identify and alert clinicians of different levels of OUD risk by comparing it to a structured review of medical records by clinicians.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of from Poultry Farms and In-Contact Humans and Associated Risk Factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Poultry and poultry products are the common sources of which is one of the serious food-borne bacterial diseases in humans. Little is known about the status of and their antimicrobial susceptibility in poultry farms in Addis Ababa. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates and to investigate possible risk factors for the occurrence of in poultry farms in Addis Ababa.

Prevalence, Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Isolates from Poultry Farms across Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, molecular detection, and antimicrobial resistance of isolates within 162 poultry farms in selected urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia. A total of 1515 samples, including cloacal swabs (n = 763), fresh fecal droppings (n = 188), litter (n = 188), feed (n = 188), and water (n = 188), were bacteriologically tested. The molecular detection of some culture-positive isolates was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by targeting spy and sdfl genes for Typhimurium and Enteritidis, respectively.

Antibiogram of Isolated from Dairy Cattle and in-Contact Humans in Selected Areas of Central Ethiopia.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to public and animal health. is considered an indicator organism for monitoring AMR among gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae in humans and animals. The current study aims to assess the antibiogram profile of isolated from dairy cattle and in-contact humans in central Ethiopia and to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistance (MDR).

Compliance with infection prevention and control standard precautions and factors associated with noncompliance among healthcare workers working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Standard Precautions (SPs) are the minimal infection prevention and control (IPC) measures that apply to all patient care activities at all times, regardless of whether the patient has a suspected or proven disease, in any place where healthcare service is provided. These evidence-based practices protect healthcare workers (HCWs) from infection while preventing the spread of infectious agents among patients, visitors, and the environment.

Objectives: Assessed compliance of HCWs working in public hospitals in Addis Ababa to infection prevention and control SPs, and factors associated with noncompliance.

Pre-Harvest Food Safety Challenges in Food-Animal Production in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Food safety remains a significant global public health concern, with the risk of unsafe food varying worldwide. The economies of several low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) heavily rely on livestock, posing a challenge to ensuring the production of safe food. This review discusses our understanding of pre-harvest critical issues related to food safety in LMICs, specifically focusing on animal-derived food.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Isolated from Stools of Primary Healthcare Patients in Ethiopia.

Antimicrobial resistance of is a growing problem in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of isolates ( = 260) isolated from the stool specimen of patients attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana. This study also aimed to characterize phenotypically confirmed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates ( = 22) using whole-genome sequencing.

The cost-effectiveness of metformin in the US diabetes prevention program trial: Simple interpretations need not apply.

Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We review the DPP within-trial CEA to assess this claim. Treatment alternatives included placebo (plus standard lifestyle advice), branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification.

Distribution of ß-Lactamase Genes Among Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Diarrheagenic from Under-Five Children in Ethiopia.

Purpose: strains that produce extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase are among the major threats to global health. The objective of the present study was to determine the distribution of ß-lactamase genes among multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing Diarrheagenic (DEC) pathotypes isolated from under-five children in Ethiopia.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa and Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children under age five with and without diarrhea in Central Ethiopia.

Background: Diarrhea is a serious health problem in children, with the highest mortality rate in sub-Saharan Africa. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is among the major bacterial causes of diarrhea in children under age five. The present study aims to determine molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of DEC and identify contributing factors for acquisition among children under age five in Central Ethiopia.

Assessing the Assessment-Developing and Deploying a Novel Tool for Evaluating Clinical Notes' Diagnostic Assessment Quality.

Background: Ambulatory diagnostic errors are increasingly being recognized as an important quality and safety issue, and while measures of diagnostic quality have been sought, tools to evaluate diagnostic assessments in the medical record are lacking.

Objective: To develop and test a tool to measure diagnostic assessment note quality in primary care urgent encounters and identify common elements and areas for improvement in diagnostic assessment.

Design: Retrospective chart review of urgent care encounters at an urban academic setting.

The Burden of Diarrheal Diseases and Its Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Welkite Town: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

This study assessed the magnitude of diarrhea and associated risk factors among under-five children in Welkite town. We used a community-based cross-sectional study design. Data collection period was February to March 2021 and 426 parents/guardians of under-five children were the study participants.

Important Factors in Remote Experiential Education.

Onsite and in-person experiential education has been well established to prepare practice-ready healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists. From COVID-19, the integration of remote educational delivery has occurred. As healthcare disciplines adjust to new experiential styles and innovate traditional methods, this paper highlights key areas for remote experiential education that can influence student experiences.