[SOURCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF HIGH SALT CONSUMPTION IN MOSCOW: A STUDY OF DIETARY HABITS].

The aim of this study was to examine the level of salt consumption among various population groups in Moscow. The study was conducted using the 24-hour dietary recall method (24hDR) and the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) over the course of one year. The results showed that 49.

Fibrillar Hydrogel Inducing Cell Mechanotransduction for Tissue Engineering.

One of the key strategies for tissue engineering is to design multifunctional bioinks that balance printability with cytocompatibility. Here, we describe fibrillar hydrogels produced by Schiff base formation between B-type gelatin and oxidized sodium alginate, followed by the incorporation of type I collagen, yielding a new gel (MyoColl). The resulting hydrogel exhibits a temperature- and mass-ratio-dependent sol-gel transition, showing variability of hydrogel properties depending on the component ratio.

White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming.

Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown.

Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophage Using Nanocarriers: New Perspectives to Halt Cancer Progression.

Cancer remains a significant challenge for public healthcare systems worldwide. Within the realm of cancer treatment, considerable attention is focused on understanding the tumor microenvironment (TME)-the complex network of non-cancerous elements surrounding the tumor. Among the cells in TME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a central role, traditionally categorized as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages.

Smart Delivery Systems Responsive to Cathepsin B Activity for Cancer Treatment.

Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, contributing to vital cellular homeostatic processes including protein turnover, macroautophagy of damaged organelles, antigen presentation, and in the extracellular space, it takes part in tissue remodeling, prohormone processing, and activation. However, aberrant overexpression of cathepsin B and its enzymatic activity is associated with different pathological conditions, including cancer. Cathepsin B overexpression in tumor tissues makes this enzyme an important target for smart delivery systems, responsive to the activity of this enzyme.

Proteolytic Resistance Determines Albumin Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Properties and Increases Cathepsin B, D, and G Expression.

Proteolytic activity is pivotal in maintaining cell homeostasis and function. In pathological conditions such as cancer, it covers a key role in tumor cell viability, spreading to distant organs, and response to the treatment. Endosomes represent one of the major sites of cellular proteolytic activity and very often represent the final destination of internalized nanoformulations.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Nanoparticle Biodistribution: A Review of Existing Models, Simulation Software, and Data Analysis Tools.

Cancer treatment and pharmaceutical development require targeted treatment and less toxic therapeutic intervention to achieve real progress against this disease. In this scenario, nanomedicine emerged as a reliable tool to improve drug pharmacokinetics and to translate to the clinical biologics based on large molecules. However, the ability of our body to recognize foreign objects together with carrier transport heterogeneity derived from the combination of particle physical and chemical properties, payload and surface modification, make the designing of effective carriers very difficult.

Bullying in the Russian Secondary School: Predictive Analysis of Victimization.

Bullying has been recognized as an important risk factor for personal development in adolescence. Although numerous studies report high prevalence of bullying in Russian schools, limited research was based on the large-scale, nationally representative analysis, which highlights the lack of findings applicable to the national context. This study aims to address the following research questions: (1) What is the bullying victimization prevalence in Russian secondary schools? (2) What is the socio-demographic profile of the bullying victims? (3) To what extent do learning outcomes in core subject domains predict bullying? (4) How does psychological climate at school affect the occurrence of bullying? (5) Which emotional states do bullying victims typically display? (6) Which psychosocial traits are the most common for bullying victims? The study adopts the statistical analysis of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) data in Russia.

The results of the microscopic and hematological studies of liquid body malolyakhovsky mammoth.

Introduction: Mammoth trunk excavation of on the island Malyi Lyakhov in the Laptev Sea became a historical discovery for the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) in 2013. According to paleontologists, the age of this find is 43 thousand years. The main features of the Malolyakhovsky mammoth are preservation of the soft tissues and a detection of the dark-brown liquid substance, which was found along the bottom of the mammoth’s trunk.

Features of chronic renal disease in children.

Introduction: chronic renal disease (CKD) is the inevitable outcome of many chronic diseases of the kidneys, which not all survive. The number of patients with chronic renal diseases is constantly growing. Aim to study the level osteocalcin and calcitonin and parathyroid hormone and immunological features in patients with chronic renal diseases.

Health state of adolescents in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia).

Introduction: According to the state policy in the field of health care, one of the priority directions is the improving of medical care for children's population [1]. It should be noted, that the state of health of the population and the development of society as a whole is largely determined by the level of adolescents health who have a significant impact on the health of the nation as a whole, and form the cultural, intellectual, industrial and reproductive potential [2, 3].

The Aim: This article analyzes the health status indicators of adolescent population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), including the dynamics of the disease, including socially conditioned diseases, disability and mortality among the teenage population.

THE PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN YAKUTIA.

Unlabelled: Chronic hepatitis in children represents a serious health and social problem. Under the conditions of the high prevalence of viral hepatitis in Yakutia epidemiological process has a number of peculiarities. In children chronic hepatitis often occurs with minor clinical manifestations, which complicate diagnosis.

ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN IN FAR NORTH.

This article is devoted to the probleme of modern Pediatrics pathology of the immune system in children with complicated viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune and cytokine status in children with complicated acute respiratory viral infections. The study included 100 children are often ill respiratory virus infections (more than 8 times per year) from age 0 to 7 years, and 30 children with upper respiratory tract infection; no more than 1 time per year-the control group.

Features of chronic renal disease in children.

Introduction: chronic renal disease (CKD) is the inevitable outcome of many chronic diseases of the kidneys, which not all survive. The number of patients with chronic renal diseases is constantly growing. Aim to study the level osteocalcin and calcitonin and parathyroid hormone and immunological features in patients with chronic renal diseases.

Immediate and delayed effects of hypobaric hypoxia during early postnatal period on the functioning of digestive enzymes.

We studied immediate and delayed effects of hypobaric hypoxic stress experienced by rat pups in the early postnatal period on the digestive system. It was shown that hypoxia leads to remarkable changes in the functioning of the small intestine, as well as liver and kidney, especially in adult animals.

[Nucleosomes in gene regulation: theoretical approaches].

This work reviews current theoretical approaches of biophysics and bioinformatics for the description of nucleosome arrangement in chromatin and transcription factor binding to nucleosomal organized DNA. The role of nucleosomes in gene regulation is discussed from molecular mechanistic and biological point of view. In addition to classical problems of this field, actual questions of epigenetic regulation are mentioned.

Vascular mechanism of spongious dental anesthesia.

By their mechanism of action local anesthesia methods are divided into diffuse and vascular. Anesthesias are vascular at arteriolo-capillary-venous system level. Besides more than 2-fold efficacy increase, circulatory mechanism also contributes to enhancement of cardiovascular system reactions.

[Naltrexone and fluoxetine for maintenance of remission in patients with heroin addiction: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial].

Two hundreds and eighty patients with heroin addiction were randomized into 4 equal groups. Patients of the group 1 received naltrexone (N) in dosage 50 mg/day and fluoxetine (F) in dosage 20 mg/day during 6 months. Group 2 received N/F-placebo (FN), group 3--N-placebo (NP)/F and group 4--NP/FP.

[Vascular dental anaesthesias and their mechanism].

By their mechanism of action local anaesthesia methods were divided into diffused and vascular. Intraosseous, intraseptal and intraligamental anesthaesias are vascular ones at capillary-venous system level. Circulatory mechanism besides effectiveness increased more than 2-fold and also promotes enhancement of cardiovascular system responses.

[Articaine and adrenaline combinations efficacy for dental anesthesia].

5 articaine preparations including besides 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100 000 and 1:200 000, 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:400 000, 2% articaine 1:200 000 and articaine without a vasoconstrictor were investigated on 52 volunteers, dental students. It was established that new combinations of articaine with epinephrine had relatively high activity to anesthetize dental pulp which was comparable with classic agents but slightly inferior to them in all the criteria studied. Articaine without adrenaline had not practically induced pulpal analgesia.

[Assessment of the level of homocysteine and the state of haemostasis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in remote terms after reconstructive operations on the aorto-iliac segment].

The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the level of homocysteine and the state of haemostasis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the remote terms after endured reconstructive operations on the aorto-iliac segment. They examined a total of eighty-eight patients who had endured reconstructive operations on the aorto-iliac segment at various terms. Of these, forty-two patients were found to have a severe course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (59.