Effects of Gene-Lifestyle Interaction on Obesity Among Students.

Background: Obesity is a global health issue influenced primarily by genetic variants and environmental factors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between genetic and lifestyle factors and their interaction with obesity risk among university students.

Methods: A total of 658 students from the same university participated in this study, including 531 females (mean age (SD): 21.

Characterization of Structural Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of the C3f Peptide of Complement System.

The C3f peptide is a by-product of regulation of the activated complement system with no firmly established function of its own. We have previously shown that C3f exhibits moderate antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive bacteria . Presence of two histidine residues in the amino acid sequence of the peptide suggests enhancement of its antimicrobial activity at lower pH and in the presence of metal cations, particularly zinc cations.

[Possibilities of using results of head computed tomography in victims with traumatic brain injuries].

The constant increase in the number of neurotraumas in the country leads to an increase in forensic examinations of a persons. In Russia, about 600 thousand people receive craniocerebral injuries annually, of which 50 thousand die, others are potentially will be in forensic examination during or after treatment. With an increase in the total number of such examinations, the number of erroneous conclusions is expected to increase.

Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review.

Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects.

Comparative Study of Nanoparticle Blood Circulation after Forced Clearance of Own Erythrocytes (Mononuclear Phagocyte System-Cytoblockade) or Administration of Cytotoxic Doxorubicin- or Clodronate-Loaded Liposomes.

Recent developments in the field of nanomedicine have introduced a wide variety of nanomaterials that are capable of recognizing and killing tumor cells with increased specificity. A major limitation preventing the widespread introduction of nanomaterials into the clinical setting is their fast clearance from the bloodstream via the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). One of the most promising methods used to overcome this limitation is the MPS-cytoblockade, which forces the MPS to intensify the clearance of erythrocytes by injecting allogeneic anti-erythrocyte antibodies and, thus, significantly prolongs the circulation of nanoagents in the blood.

Phosphate Solubilization and Plant Growth Promotion by Soil Isolates.

Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) in soil have been shown to reduce mineral phosphate fertilizer supplementation and promote plant growth. Nevertheless, only several P-solubilizing microorganisms capable of solubilizing both organic and mineral sources of soil phosphorus have been identified up to now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inorganic soil phosphate solubilizing activity of phytate-hydrolyzing soil isolates.

Composition and Structure of Extrachromosomal Circular DNAs Revealed by Nanopore Sequencing.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are enigmatic DNA molecules that have been detected in a range of organisms. In plants, eccDNAs have various genomic origins and may be derived from transposable elements. The structures of individual eccDNA molecules and their dynamics in response to stress are poorly understood.

Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and Hematologic Disease.

Background: Patients with hematologic diseases are at higher risk of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and more severe clinical outcomes of the coronavirus disease. CHRONOS19 is an observational prospective cohort study with the aim to determine the short and longer-term clinical outcomes, risk factors for disease severity and mortality, and rates of postinfectious immunity in patients with malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases and COVID-19.

Patients And Methods: Overall, 666 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 626 were included in the final data analysis.

Local Atomic Configurations in Intermetallic Crystals: Beyond the First Coordination Shell.

We have used a combined geometrical-topological approach to analyze 21,697 intermetallic crystal structures stored in the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database. Following a geometrical scheme of close packing of balls, we have considered the three most typical polyhedral atomic environments of the icosahedral, cuboctahedral, or twinned cuboctahedral shape as well as multi-shell (up to four shells) local atomic configurations (LACs) based on these cores in 10,657 unique crystal structure determinations. In total, half of intermetallic structures have been found to contain one of these configurations, with the icosahedral LACs being the most frequent.

[FIRES Syndrome in a Preschool Child].

Severe epileptic syndromes of childhood are an urgent problem for pediatric neurologists and neuroresuscitators. The article presents a clinical observation of FIRES syndrome in a pediatric patient, which is a form of severe drug-resistant epilepsy in children of preschool and school age, the development of which is caused by hyperthermia, probably associated with herpesvirus (human herpesvirus type 6) infection. The features of the progressive course and the difficulties of diagnostic search are reflected.

Laser-Induced µ-Rooms for Osteocytes on Implant Surface: An In Vivo Study.

Laser processing of dental implant surfaces is becoming a more widespread replacement for classical techniques due to its undeniable advantages, including control of oxide formation and structure and surface relief at the microscale. Thus, using a laser, we created several biomimetic topographies of various shapes on the surface of titanium screw-shaped implants to research their success and survival rates. A distinctive feature of the topographies is the presence of "µ-rooms", which are special spaces created by the depressions and elevations and are analogous to the µ-sized room in which the osteocyte will potentially live.

[Distance teaching of forensic medicine at the department of medical university during the COVID-19 pandemic].

The purpose of the work is to share the experience of distance teaching of forensic medicine. Teaching of forensic medicine throughout the history of the department of forensic medicine of the medical faculty of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Research Medical University took place exclusively on the intramural basis. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has made its adjustments and teaching became remote.

Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles to Various Cancers by Means of Integrin-Binding Peptides.

Active targeting of tumors is believed to be the key to efficient cancer therapy and accurate, early-stage diagnostics. Active targeting implies minimized off-targeting and associated cytotoxicity towards healthy tissue. One way to acquire active targeting is to employ conjugates of therapeutic agents with ligands known to bind receptors overexpressed onto cancer cells.

Development of healthcare and social care services for the elderly population.

The percentage of older people has been growing in all economically developed countries over the past several decades. The purpose of this research was to optimize the healthcare and social care model based on the in-depth study of social, hygienic and clinical characteristics of elderly individuals. The authors' study included individuals aged 65 years and older.

Antifungal Activity, Structural Stability, and Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Immune Cells of Defensin from the Lentil .

An increase in the frequency of mycoses and spreading of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens necessitates the search for new antifungal agents. Earlier, we isolated the novel defensin from lentil seeds, designated as Lc-def, which inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we studied an antifungal activity of Lc-def against human pathogenic species, structural stability of the defensin, and its immunomodulatory effects that may help to prevent fungal infection.

Key features of pneumococcal isolates recovered in Central and Northwestern Russia in 2011-2018 determined through whole-genome sequencing.

Invasive pneumococcal disease remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Russia, 13- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced into the childhood immunization programme nationwide in 2014. As part of the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project (GPS), we used genome data to characterize 179 pneumococcal isolates collected from Russia in 2011-2018 to investigate the circulating pneumococcal strains using a standardized genomic definition of pneumococcal lineages (global pneumococcal sequence clusters, GPSCs), prevalent serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles.

[Modern concepts on the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis].

The analysis of publications on the websites PubMed, ClinicalKey, devoted to the pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis (NB), using keywords for search: «pathogenesis of neuroborreliosis», «neuroborreliosis in children», «pathogenesis of Lyme disease», as well as an analysis of the results of the published research results of the staff of the Research Institute of Pediatric Infections, St-Petersburg, Russia is presented. Syndromes of early and late NB are more often observed among the forms without migrating erythema, and their development can be caused by all representatives of the species (), but more often - , since it most effectively suppresses the factors of innate and adaptive immune response, reducing interferon production, phagocytosis and complement synthesis. The cause of immunosuppression with the development of NB may be simultaneous infection with several genovids and borrelia species or pathogens of other infections transmitted by Ixodes ticks, for example, infection with and tick-borne encephalitis virus.

Gold nanoparticles decorated with ovalbumin-derived epitopes: effect of shape and size on T-cell immune responses.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) can be manufactured in various shapes, and their size is programmable, which permits the study of the effects imposed by these parameters on biological processes. However, there is currently no clear evidence that a certain shape or size is beneficial. To address this issue, we have utilised GNPs and gold nanorods (GNRs) functionalised with model epitopes derived from chicken ovalbumin (OVA and OVA).

[Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of complications of kidney and ureteral injury in different periods of traumatic disease].

Objective: To assess the possibility of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of complications of kidney and ureteral injury in different periods of traumatic disease.

Material And Methods: There were 139 patients with kidney and ureteral injuries between 2015 and 2019. We clarified the MR-signs of renal complications in different periods of traumatic disease.

A lineage usually associated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes is the most common cause of serotype 35B invasive disease in South Africa, following routine use of PCV.

Pneumococcal serotype 35B is an important non-conjugate vaccine (non-PCV) serotype. Its continued emergence, post-PCV7 in the USA, was associated with expansion of a pre-existing 35B clone (clonal complex [CC] 558) along with post-PCV13 emergence of a non-35B clone previously associated with PCV serotypes (CC156). This study describes lineages circulating among 35B isolates in South Africa before and after PCV introduction.

Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients.

Background: Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including MC4R rs17782313, PPARG rs1801282, and TCF7L2 rs7903146. Knowledge of the association between these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, and TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders.