[The dynamics of the immune response and severity of the intoxication in peritonitis patients with open and closed management of the peritoneal cavity].

A comparative evaluation of clinico-immunological examinations of 45 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis treated by the open method of management of the abdominal cavity and 46 patients treated by the traditional closed method was made. Pathogenetic grounds of the effectiveness of the open method of management of the abdominal cavity in patients with peritonitis are presented. Immunological alterations are shown allowing the evaluation of the severity of the state of patients in the postoperative period.

[Surgical treatment and prevention of bronchial fistula after pneumonectomy].

Bronchial fistulas made their appearance in 22 patients after pulmonectomy for different diseases of the lungs. Various methods of closing the bronchial fistulas (++trans-sternal, transpleural, contralateral ones) were used. Based on an analysis of clinical observations the authors have developed the strategy and methods of surgical measures as well as prophylactics of complications.

[Causes of repeated lung surgery].

Up to 9% of patients need to be operated on the lungs for a second time. Repeated operations on the lungs should be conducted in specialized clinics and only by an experienced thoracic surgeon. Improvement of the results of repeated operations depends on the skill of the anesthesiologist, the thoroughness of the preoperative management and examination, and skilled postoperative management.

[Autotransplantation of splenic tissue after splenectomy].

The authors have performed heterotopic autotransplantation of the spleen tissue into the greater omentum pocket as a suspension or tissue sections in 14 patients with emergency splenectomies. The method of autotransplantation is described. No complications resulting from autotransplantation were noted.

[Treatment of combined injuries].

An analysis of 120 patients with multiple trauma is given. The authors believe that the question of diagnostics of the injuries, the succession of using diagnostic methods should be solved collectively. A conclusion has been made that urgent surgery in complex with resuscitation measures must be performed in patients with internal hemorrhage, increasing intracranial hematoma, tamponade of the pericardium, increasing hemopneumothorax.

[Diagnosis and treatment of suppurative mediastinitis].

An analysis of 57 clinical observations has shown that purulent mediastinitis is one of the particular complications of traumas of the esophagus, peripharyngeal phlegmons, phlegmon of the oral cavity floor. The method of choice for the treatment of purulent mediastinitis is active surgical tactics--optimal drainage of the mediastinum with running irrigation.

[Laparostomy in diffuse suppurative peritonitis].

The authors describe results and the technique of treatment of diffuse fecal and purulent peritonites by an open method in 15 patients. Three patients died. Small intestinal fistulas were observed as complications of laparostomy in three cases.

[Clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of thoraco-abdominal injuries].

High incidence of diagnostic errors in thoracoabdominal wounds is due to the critical state of the patients, insufficient clinical examination and underestimation of localization of the wound hole. Errors in diagnosis result in the incorrect sequence of surgical procedures, time loss during the arrest of bleeding, use of traumatic operative accesses.

[Postoperative ventral hernias].

An analysis of the observation of 107 patients has shown the etiological factors of the appearance of postoperative ventral hernias to be varied: lowered resistance of the patient's organism to infection, choice of an irrational operative access, insufficient hemostasis, carelessness in handling with tissues during operation, severe concomitant diseases, erroneously chosen method of anesthesia. Peridural anesthesia is recommended for the operative treatment of ventral hernias.

[The surgeon's procedure in appendicular infiltrates].

The surgeon's tactics in appendicular infiltrate should be chosen following a complete examination of the patient and careful observation. Appendectomy is indicated in loose appendicular infiltrate. Conservative therapy is a method of choice for the treatment of a dense appendicular infiltrate.

[Differential diagnosis of the cavitary form of lung cancer and lung abscess].

Data on the clinical picture and diagnosis in 9 patients with the cavitary from of lung cancer are presented. The differential diagnostic criteria of the abscess and cavitary form of lung cancer are analyzed in detail. The authors show the role of clinico-rentgenological examinations for more exact diagnosis of the main disease.