Design of Core-Shell Structured Magnetic Microwire with Desirable Properties for Multifunctional Applications.

Amorphous Co-rich microwire with excellent soft magnetic and mechanical properties produced by melt-extraction technique are emerging as a multifunctional material for a variety of applications ranging from ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors to structural health self-monitoring composites. The residual stress of extraction process often degrades the mechanical characteristics and magnetic softness of as-quenched amorphous microwire. It is a pressing need for enhancing these properties to make the microwire practical for integration into new technologies.

Innovative perspectives on metal free contrast agents for MRI: Enhancing imaging efficacy, and AI-driven future diagnostics.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued a boxed warning and mandated additional safety measures for all gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) used in clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to their prolonged retention in the body and associated adverse health effects.

Refining Brain Stimulation Therapies: An Active Learning Approach to Personalization.

Brain stimulation holds promise for treating brain disorders, but personalizing therapy remains challenging. Effective treatment requires establishing a functional link between stimulation parameters and brain response, yet traditional methods like random sampling (RS) are inefficient and costly. To overcome this, we developed an active learning (AL) framework that identifies optimal relationships between stimulation parameters and brain response with fewer experiments.

Refining Brain Stimulation Therapies: An Active Learning Approach to Personalization.

Brain stimulation holds promise for treating brain disorders, but personalizing therapy remains challenging. Effective treatment requires establishing a functional link between stimulation parameters and brain response, yet traditional methods like random sampling (RS) are inefficient and costly. To overcome this, we developed an active learning (AL) framework that identifies optimal relationships between stimulation parameters and brain response with fewer experiments.

SAFE-OPT: a Bayesian optimization algorithm for learning optimal deep brain stimulation parameters with safety constraints.

To treat neurological and psychiatric diseases with deep brain stimulation (DBS), a trained clinician must select parameters for each patient by monitoring their symptoms and side-effects in a months-long trial-and-error process, delaying optimal clinical outcomes. Bayesian optimization has been proposed as an efficient method to quickly and automatically search for optimal parameters. However, conventional Bayesian optimization does not account for patient safety and could trigger unwanted or dangerous side-effects.

Irregular optogenetic stimulation waveforms can induce naturalistic patterns of hippocampal spectral activity.

. Therapeutic brain stimulation is conventionally delivered using constant-frequency stimulation pulses. Several recent clinical studies have explored how unconventional and irregular temporal stimulation patterns could enable better therapy.

Selective chronic recording in small nerve fascicles of sciatic nerve with carbon nanotube yarns in rats.

. The primary challenge faced in the field of neural rehabilitation engineering is the limited advancement in nerve interface technology, which currently fails to match the mechanical properties of small-diameter nerve fascicles. Novel developments are necessary to enable long-term, chronic recording from a multitude of small fascicles, allowing for the recovery of motor intent and sensory signals.

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Making Atomic-Level Magnetism Tunable with Light at Room Temperature.

The capacity to manipulate magnetization in 2D dilute magnetic semiconductors (2D-DMSs) using light, specifically in magnetically doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers (M-doped TX , where M = V, Fe, and Cr; T = W, Mo; X = S, Se, and Te), may lead to innovative applications in spintronics, spin-caloritronics, valleytronics, and quantum computation. This Perspective paper explores the mediation of magnetization by light under ambient conditions in 2D-TMD DMSs and heterostructures. By combining magneto-LC resonance (MLCR) experiments with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show that the magnetization can be enhanced using light in V-doped TMD monolayers (e.

Influence Analysis of Modified Polymers as a Marking Agent for Material Tracing during Cyclic Injection Molding.

Injection molding (IM) is already an established technology for manufacturing polymer products. However, in the course of the increased use of recyclates for economic and ecological reasons, its application capability has been confronted with new requirements for reliability and reproducibility. In addition, the IM process is confronted with regulations regarding a verifiable recycling degree in polymers.

Investigations for Material Tracing in Selective Laser Sintering: Part ΙΙ: Validation of Modified Polymers as Marking Agents.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is currently in transition to the production of functional components. However, the ability to apply it is confronted with new requirements for reliability and reproducibility. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of aging processes in polymers is essential.

Investigations for Material Tracing in Selective Laser Sintering: Part Ι: Methodical Selection of a Suitable Marking Agent.

Selective laser sintering (SLS) with polymers is currently at the transition stage for the production of functional components and holds great potential to revolutionize conventional production processes. Nevertheless, its application capability is confronted by newly imposed requirements regarding reliability and reproducibility. To safeguard these requirements, a deeper process understanding of material aging mechanisms in polymeric materials is needed.

Magnetoimpedance Biosensors and Real-Time Healthcare Monitors: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges.

A small DC magnetic field can induce an enormous response in the impedance of a soft magnetic conductor in various forms of wire, ribbon, and thin film. Also known as the giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect, this phenomenon forms the basis for the development of high-performance magnetic biosensors with magnetic field sensitivity down to the picoTesla regime at room temperature. Over the past decade, some state-of-the-art prototypes have become available for trial tests due to continuous efforts to improve the sensitivity of GMI biosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of biological entities and biomagnetic field detection of human activities through the use of magnetic nanoparticles as biomarkers.

Analysis of Few-Shot Techniques for Fungal Plant Disease Classification and Evaluation of Clustering Capabilities Over Real Datasets.

Plant fungal diseases are one of the most important causes of crop yield losses. Therefore, plant disease identification algorithms have been seen as a useful tool to detect them at early stages to mitigate their effects. Although deep-learning based algorithms can achieve high detection accuracies, they require large and manually annotated image datasets that is not always accessible, specially for rare and new diseases.

Impact of Microcycle Structures on Physical and Technical Outcomes During Professional Rugby League Training and Matches.

Purpose: To assess the impact of microcycle (MC) structures on physical and technical performances in rugby league training and matches.

Methods: Thirty-four professional rugby league players were monitored during all training sessions and matches across a single season wherein 2 different competition-phase MC structures were implemented. The first MC structure involved the first session on match day (MD) + 2 and the main stimulus delivered MD - 3, and the second structure delayed all sessions by 1 day (first session on MD + 3 and main session MD - 2; MC structure in the second half of the season).

Combining direct current and kilohertz frequency alternating current to mitigate onset activity during electrical nerve block.

Electrical nerve block offers the ability to immediately and reversibly block peripheral nerve conduction and would have applications in the emerging field of bioelectronics. Two modalities of electrical nerve block have been investigated-kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) and direct current (DC). KHFAC can be safely delivered with conventional electrodes, but has the disadvantage of having an onset response, which is a period of increased neural activation before block is established and currently limits clinical translation.

A Workflow for the Performance of the Differential Ovarian Follicle Count Using Deep Neuronal Networks.

In order to automate the counting of ovarian follicles required in multigeneration reproductive studies performed in the rat according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 443 and 416, the application of deep neural networks was tested. The manual evaluation of the differential ovarian follicle count is a tedious and time-consuming task that requires highly trained personnel. In this regard, deep learning outputs provide overlay pictures for a more detailed documentation, together with an increased reproducibility of the counts.

A magnetic sensor using a 2D van der Waals ferromagnetic material.

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferromagnetic materials are emerging as promising candidates for applications in ultra-compact spintronic nanodevices, nanosensors, and information storage. Our recent discovery of the strong room temperature ferromagnetism in single layers of VSe grown on graphite or MoS substrate has opened new opportunities to explore these ultrathin magnets for such applications. In this paper, we present a new type of magnetic sensor that utilizes the single layer VSe film as a highly sensitive magnetic core.

Reduction of the onset response in kilohertz frequency alternating current nerve block with amplitude ramps from non-zero amplitudes.

Background: Kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) waveforms reversibly block conduction in mammalian peripheral nerves. The initiation of the KHFAC produces nerve activation, called the onset response, before complete block occurs. An amplitude ramp, starting from zero amplitude, is ineffective in eliminating this onset activity.

Biological maturation and match running performance: A national football (soccer) federation perspective.

Objectives: To examine the influence of maturation and its interaction with playing position upon physical match performances in U15 footballers from a national federation.

Design: Observational study.

Methods: 278 male outfield players competing in a national tournament were assessed for somatic maturity and match physical performances according to playing position.

Measurement of block thresholds in kiloHertz frequency alternating current peripheral nerve block.

Background: Kilohertz frequency alternating currents (KHFAC) produce rapid nerve conduction block of mammalian peripheral nerve and have potential clinical applications in reducing peripheral nerve hyperactivity. The experimental investigation of KHFAC nerve block requires a robust output measure and this has proven to be the block threshold (BT), the lowest current or voltage at which the axons of interest are completely blocked. All significant literature in KHFAC nerve block, both simulations and experimental, were reviewed to determine the block threshold method that was used.

Recovering Motor Activation with Chronic Peripheral Nerve Computer Interface.

Interfaces with the peripheral nerve provide the ability to extract motor activation and restore sensation to amputee patients. The ability to chronically extract motor activations from the peripheral nervous system remains an unsolved problem. In this study, chronic recordings with the Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE) are employed to recover the activation levels of innervated muscles.

Strong room-temperature ferromagnetism in VSe monolayers on van der Waals substrates.

Reduced dimensionality and interlayer coupling in van der Waals materials gives rise to fundamentally different electronic , optical and many-body quantum properties in monolayers compared with the bulk. This layer-dependence permits the discovery of novel material properties in the monolayer regime. Ferromagnetic order in two-dimensional materials is a coveted property that would allow fundamental studies of spin behaviour in low dimensions and enable new spintronics applications.

Measuring Vertical Stiffness in Sport With Accelerometers: Exercise Caution!

Eggers, TM, Massard, TI, Clothier, PJ, and Lovell, R. Measuring vertical stiffness in sport with accelerometers: Exercise caution! J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1919-1922, 2018-This study aimed to determine the measurement accuracy of triaxial accelerometers, to determine vertical stiffness (Kvert) during overground running, and to examine the influence of device location. Seventeen healthy adults wore 2 triaxial accelerometers (positioned between scapulae and at lumbar spine) during a 2-minute continuous 20-m shuttle run (12 km·h), which was repeated 7 days later.

Chronic interfacing with the autonomic nervous system using carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn electrodes.

The ability to reliably and safely communicate chronically with small diameter (100-300 µm) autonomic nerves could have a significant impact in fundamental biomedical research and clinical applications. However, this ability has remained elusive with existing neural interface technologies. Here we show a new chronic nerve interface using highly flexible materials with axon-like dimensions.

Model-based Bayesian signal extraction algorithm for peripheral nerves.

Objective: Multi-channel cuff electrodes have recently been investigated for extracting fascicular-level motor commands from mixed neural recordings. Such signals could provide volitional, intuitive control over a robotic prosthesis for amputee patients. Recent work has demonstrated success in extracting these signals in acute and chronic preparations using spatial filtering techniques.