The Protective Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Mitochondria in SH-SY5Y Model of Rotenone-Induced Toxicity.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in particular omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients and components of the plasma membrane. They are involved in various processes, including synaptic development, functionality, integrity, and plasticity, and are therefore thought to have general neuroprotective properties. Considerable research evidence further supports the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically on mitochondria, through their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, making them an attractive addition in treatment options for neurodegenerative disorders in which mitochondrial alterations are commonly observed.

Small-angle rigid-unit modes requiring linear strain compensation.

Group-theoretical and linear-algebraic methods and tools have recently been developed that aim to exhaustively identify the small-angle rotational rigid-unit modes (RUMs) of a given framework material. But in their current form, they fail to detect RUMs that require a compensating lattice strain which grows linearly with the amplitude of the rigid-unit rotations. Here, we present a systematic approach to including linear strain compensation within the linear-algebraic RUM-search method, so that any geometrically possible small-angle RUM can be detected.

Beneficial effects of non-invasive physical plasma on human periodontal ligament cells .

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium that can lead to the loss of affected teeth if left untreated. It is induced by a multifactorial process centered on microbial pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum . Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a highly reactive gas, has become a focus of research, not only for its hemostatic, proliferation-enhancing and apoptotic properties, but also for its antimicrobial potential.

Effective manual cleaning as the first step of reprocessing glass probes of a medical device for non-invasive physical plasma therapy.

Background: For reusable devices and device components, effective reprocessing is essential to prevent nosocomial infections.

Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate manual cleaning as the first step of reprocessing reusable glass probes of a device for generation of non-invasive physical plasma, in accordance with regulations.

Methods: Two glass probes of the device were contaminated with human blood.

Maladaptive response following glucose overload in GLUT4-overexpressing H9C2 cardiomyoblasts.

Background: Glucose overload drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by affecting the tricarboxylic acid pathway. However, it is still unknown how cells could overcome massive chronic glucose influx on cellular and structural level.

Methods/materials: Expression profiles of hyperglycemic, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) overexpressing H9C2 (KE2) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (KE230L) and wild type (WT) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (WT30L) were compared using proteomics, real-time polymerase quantitative chain reaction analysis, or Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry.

Immortalised murine R349P desmin knock-in myotubes exhibit a reduced proton leak and decreased ADP/ATP translocase levels in purified mitochondria.

Desmin gene mutations cause myopathies and cardiomyopathies. Our previously characterised R349P desminopathy mice, which carry the ortholog of the common human desmin mutation R350P, showed marked alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function in muscle tissue. By isolating skeletal muscle myoblasts from offspring of R349P desminopathy and p53 knock-out mice, we established an immortalised cellular disease model.

Computational Screening and Stabilization of Boron-Substituted Type-I and Type-II Carbon Clathrates.

Boron substitution represents a promising approach to stabilize carbon clathrate structures, but no thermodynamically stable substitution schemes have been identified for frameworks other than the type-VII (sodalite) structure type. To investigate the possibility for additional tetrahedral carbon-based clathrate networks, more than 5000 unique boron decoration schemes were investigated computationally for type-I and type-II carbon clathrates with a range of guest elements including Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Density functional theory calculations were performed at 10 and 50 GPa, and the stability and impact of boron substitution were evaluated.

Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Reduces the Inflammatory Response in Microbially Prestimulated Human Gingival Fibroblasts.

Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), an electrically conductive gas, is playing an increasingly important role in medicine due to its antimicrobial and regenerative properties. However, NIPP is not yet well established in dentistry, although it has promising potential, especially for periodontological applications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NIPP on a commercially available human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line and primary HGFs in the presence of periodontitis-associated bacteria.

Modulation of the Tumor-Associated Immuno-Environment by Non-Invasive Physical Plasma.

Over the past 15 years, investigating the efficacy of non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) in cancer treatment as a safe oxidative stress inducer has become an active area of research. So far, most studies focused on the NIPP-induced apoptotic death of tumor cells. However, whether NIPP plays a role in the anti-tumor immune responses need to be deciphered in detail.

Pleiotropic Devitalization of Renal Cancer Cells by Non-Invasive Physical Plasma: Characterization of Molecular and Cellular Efficacy.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the third most common urological tumor and has an extremely poor prognosis after metastasis has occurred. Therapeutic options are highly restricted, primarily due to resistance to classical chemotherapeutics. The development of new, innovative therapeutic procedures is thus of great urgency.

The Proteome of Neuromelanin Granules in Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Neuromelanin granules (NMGs) are organelle-like structures present in the human . In addition to neuromelanin, NMGs contain proteins, lipids and metals. As NMG-containing dopaminergic neurons are preferentially lost in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), it is assumed that NMGs may play a role in neurodegenerative processes.

Target formation in muscle fibres indicates reinnervation - A proteomic study in muscle samples from peripheral neuropathies.

Aims: Target skeletal muscle fibres - defined by different concentric areas in oxidative enzyme staining - can occur in patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Here, we used our established hypothesis-free proteomic approach with the aim of deciphering the protein composition of targets. We also searched for potential novel interactions between target proteins.

Modulation of Inflammatory Responses by a Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Jet during Gingival Wound Healing.

Gingival wound healing plays an important role in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. In some cases, however, wound healing is delayed by various endogenous or exogenous factors. In recent years, non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP), a highly reactive gas, has become the focus of research, because of its anti-inflammatory and wound healing-promoting efficacy.

Neuromelanin granules of the substantia nigra: proteomic profile provides links to tyrosine hydroxylase, stress granules and lysosomes.

Neuromelanin is a black-brownish pigment, present in so-called neuromelanin granules (NMGs) in the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. These neurons are lost in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although it is known that lipids, proteins, and environmental toxins accumulate in NMGs, the function of NMGs has not yet been finally clarified as well as their origin and the synthesis of neuromelanin.

Chronic Hyperglycaemia Inhibits Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Rat Cardiomyoblasts Overexpressing Glucose Transporter Type 4.

An oversupply of nutrients with a loss of metabolic flexibility and subsequent cardiac dysfunction are hallmarks of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Even if excess substrate is offered, the heart suffers energy depletion as metabolic fluxes are diminished. To study the effects of a high glucose supply, a stably glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)-overexpressing cell line presenting an onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy-like phenotype was established.

Non-Invasive Physical Plasma Generated by a Medical Argon Plasma Device Induces the Expression of Regenerative Factors in Human Gingival Keratinocytes, Fibroblasts, and Tissue Biopsies.

After oral surgery, intraoral wound healing and tissue regeneration is an important factor for the success of the entire therapy. In recent years, non-invasive medical plasma (NIPP) has been shown to accelerate wound healing, which would be particularly beneficial for patients with wound healing disorders. Since the application of NIPP in dentistry has not been sufficiently understood, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a medical argon plasma device on gingival cells.

Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Osteoblasts.

Bone regeneration after oral and maxillofacial surgery is a long-term process, which involves various mechanisms. Recently, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has become known to accelerate wound healing and have an antimicrobial effect. Since the use of CAP in dentistry is not yet established, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of CAP on human calvaria osteoblasts (HCO).

Bevacizumab and sunitinib mediate osteogenic and pro-inflammatory molecular changes in primary human alveolar osteoblasts in vitro.

Antiangiogenic medications target the de novo blood vessel formation in tumorigenesis. However, these novel drugs have been linked to the onset of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) antibody bevacizumab (BEV) and the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) sunitinib (SUN) on primary human osteoblasts derived from the alveolar bone.

Laser Microdissection-Based Protocol for the LC-MS/MS Analysis of the Proteomic Profile of Neuromelanin Granules.

Neuromelanin is a black-brownish pigment, present in so-called neuromelanin granules (NMGs) in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Besides neuromelanin, NMGs contain a variety of proteins, lipids, and metals. Although NMGs-containing dopaminergic neurons are preferentially lost in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, only little is known about the mechanism of NMG formation and the role of NMGs in health and disease.

CSF Diagnostics: A Potentially Valuable Tool in Neurodegenerative and Inflammatory Disorders Involving Motor Neurons: A Review.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnostics has emerged as a valid tool for a variety of neurological diseases. However, CSF diagnostics has been playing a subordinate role in the diagnosis of many neurological conditions. Thus, in the multitude of neuromuscular diseases in which motor neurons are affected, a CSF sample is rarely taken routinely.

Autophagy Induces Expression of IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Under Mechanical Load and Overload and Effects Osteoclastogenesis .

Autophagy is an important cellular adaptation mechanism to mechanical stress. In animal experiments, inhibition of autophagy during orthodontic tooth movement triggered increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased bone density. The aim of this study was to investigate how autophagy affects cytokine levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts under mechanical pressure and the resulting influence on osteoblast communication.

Influences of cold atmospheric plasma on apoptosis related molecules in osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

Background: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has recently been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for supporting processes of wound healing. Since CAP is additionally known to kill malignant cells, our study intends to determine the influence of CAP on crucial molecules involved in the molecular mechanism of apoptosis in osteoblast-like cells.

Methods: Human osteoblast-like cells were CAP-treated for 30 and 60 s.

N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin knock-in mice display mild motor and cardiac abnormalities and BPTF and KLHL11 dysregulation in brain tissue.

Aims: We investigated N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin (Washc5) knock-in and Washc5 knock-out mice as models for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 (SPG8).

Methods: We generated heterozygous and homozygous N471D Washc5 knock-in mice and subjected them to a comprehensive clinical, morphological and laboratory parameter screen, and gait analyses. Brain tissue was used for proteomic analysis.