MCL augmentation using a peroneus longus split tendon autograft satisfactorily restores knee stability with no impairment in foot function and with a low failure rate for concurrent ACL reconstruction.

Purpose: Addressing grade 2 and 3 medial-sided instabilities during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is crucial to reduce the risk of ACL graft failure. This study introduced a minimally invasive, medial collateral ligament (MCL) augmentation technique using a peroneus longus split tendon autograft, which was fixed to the femoral deep MCL insertion and tibial superficial MCL insertion.

Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, single-centre case series included patients who underwent MCL augmentation concurrent with primary or revision ACL reconstruction due to anteromedial instability.

Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis provides better outcomes in comparison to autologous minced cartilage implantation in the repair of knee chondral defects.

Purpose: In symptomatic mid-sized focal chondral defects, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) and minced cartilage implantation (MCI) offer two versatile treatment options. This study aimed to conduct a matched-patient analysis of patient-reported outcome measures to compare these two surgical treatment methods for focal chondral defects.

Methods: At the first centre, patients underwent a single-stage procedure in which autologous cartilage was hand-minced, implanted into the defect and fixed with fibrin glue.

Analysis of postoperative complications 5 years after osteosynthesis of patella fractures-a retrospective, multicenter cohort study.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the influence of patient- and fracture-specific factors on the occurrence of complications after osteosynthesis of patella fractures and to compare knee joint function, activity, and subjective pain levels after a regular postoperative course and after complications in the medium term.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study examined patients who received surgery for patella fracture at level 1 trauma centers between 2013 and 2018. Patient demographics and fracture-specific variables were evaluated.

Association of Remaining Anterior Knee Laxity With Inferior Outcomes After Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: The relationship between remaining anterior knee laxity and poorer clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may be underrated, and the criteria for failure of revision ACLR have not been defined.

Purpose/hypothesis: To evaluate a possible association between remaining knee laxity and functional scores in patients after revision ACLR. We hypothesized that a postoperative side-to-side-difference (SSD) in knee laxity of ≥6 mm will be an objective parameter for failure.

Hoffa fractures are associated with concomitant soft tissue injures and a high postoperative complication rate.

Introduction: Hoffa fractures are a rare and often overlooked entity. The main goal of surgical treatment is to restore the articular surface and maintain knee function. However, current clinical data indicate heterogeneous outcomes.

S2k Guideline for Tibial Plateau Fractures - Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Tibial plateau fractures are mostly complex and surgically demanding joint fractures, which require a comprehensive understanding of the fracture morphology, ligamentous and neurovascular injuries, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic options for an optimal clinical outcome. Therefore, a standardised and structured approach is required. The success of the treatment of tibial plateau fractures relies on the interdisciplinary cooperation between surgical and conservative physicians in an outpatient and inpatient setting, physical therapists, patients and service providers (health insurance companies, statutory accident insurance, pension providers).

Current standard of care for distal femur fractures in Germany and Switzerland.

Background: Distal femur fractures occur with an incidence of 4.5/100,000 and show a prevalence of 0.4%.

[Osteosynthesis of extra-articular proximal tibial fractures].

The treatment of extra-articular proximal tibial fractures is a therapeutic challenge due to the frequently significant soft tissue injury, the effect of the deforming forces and the need for an exact restoration of the bony alignment. Various methods of osteosynthesis are available for surgical stabilization. The locking plate osteosynthesis is the most frequently used procedure because of its good biomechanical stability, especially in osteoporotic bones, and the protection of the periosteal blood flow.

A manually curated compendium of expression profiles for the microbial cell factory Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum is the major host for the industrial production of amino acids and has become one of the best studied model organisms in microbial biotechnology. Rational strain construction has led to an improvement of producer strains and to a variety of novel producer strains with a broad substrate and product spectrum. A key factor for the success of these approaches is detailed knowledge of transcriptional regulation in C.

German S2e-Guideline "Knee Dislocation".

Knee dislocation is a devastating form of multiligament injury of the knee. Due to its high complexity, there is a large number of different diagnostic and treatment strategies. With the aim of providing evidence-based treatment recommendations, the S2e guideline on knee dislocation is aimed at all professional groups involved in diagnostics and therapy (orthopaedic and trauma surgeons, physiotherapists, outpatient/inpatient surgeons, sports physicians, etc.

Double-Layered Quadriceps Tendon Autografts Provide Lower Failure Rates and Improved Clinical Results Compared With Hamstring Tendon Grafts in Revision ACL Reconstruction.

Background: We developed a quadriceps-tendon graft technique using a double-layered, partial-thickness, soft tissue quadriceps tendon graft (dlQUAD) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This technique allows simple femoral loop button fixation and a limited harvest depth of the quadriceps tendon.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing revision ACLR using the dlQUAD technique compared with a hamstring tendon graft (HT).

Clinical results after very early, early and late arthroscopic arthrolysis of the knee.

Purpose: Impaired patient outcome can be directly related to a loss of motion of the knee following surgical procedures. If conservative therapy fails, arthroscopic arthrolysis is an effective procedure to improve range of motion (ROM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients undergoing very early (< 3 months), early (3 to 6 months), and late (> 6 months) arthroscopic arthrolysis of the knee.

Additional lateral extra-articular tenodesis in revision ACL reconstruction does not influence the outcome of patients with low-grade anterior knee laxity.

Introduction: There is limited evidence on the indications of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) in revision ACLR. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the LET in patients with revision ACLR with preoperative low-grade anterior knee laxity.

Methods: Between 2013 and 2018, 78 patients who underwent revision ACLR with preoperative low-grade anterior knee laxity [≤ 5 mm side-to-side difference (SSD)] were included in the retrospective cohort study.

CRISPR/Cas12a Mediated Genome Editing To Introduce Amino Acid Substitutions into the Mechanosensitive Channel MscCG of .

Against the background of a growing demand for the implementation of environmentally friendly production processes, microorganisms are engineered for the large-scale biosynthesis of chemicals, fuels, or food and feed additives from sustainable resources. Since strain development is expensive and time-consuming, continuous improvement of molecular tools for the genetic modification of the microbial production hosts is absolutely vital. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas12a technology for the engineering of as an important platform organism for industrial amino acid production has been introduced.

The singular Emb arabinofuranosyltransferase polymerises the α(1 → 5) arabinan backbone in the early stages of cell wall arabinan biosynthesis.

The arabinan-containing polysaccharides, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), are key cell wall components of the , which include Corynebacteria, Norcadia and Mycobacteria. Both AG and LAM contain elaborate arabinan domains composed of distinct structural motifs. Mycobacterial EmbA, EmbB and EmbC, collectively known as the Emb proteins, have been identified as arabinosyltransferases (AraTs), which are targeted by the front-line anti-tubercular drug ethambutol.

AftD functions as an α1 → 5 arabinofuranosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall core.

Arabinogalactan (AG) is an essential structural macromolecule present in the cell wall of , serving to connect peptidoglycan with the outer mycolic acid layer. The D-arabinan segment is a highly branched component of AG and is assembled in a step-wise fashion by a variety of arabinofuranosyltransferases (AraT). We have previously used as a model organism to study these complex processes which are otherwise essential in mycobacteria.

Novel Technologies for Optimal Strain Breeding.

The implementation of a knowledge-based bioeconomy requires the rapid development of highly efficient microbial production strains that are able to convert renewable carbon sources to value-added products, such as bulk and fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, or proteins at industrial scale. Starting from classical strain breeding by random mutagenesis and screening in the 1950s via rational design by metabolic engineering initiated in the 1970s, a range of powerful new technologies have been developed in the past two decades that can revolutionize future strain engineering. In particular, next-generation sequencing technologies combined with new methods of genome engineering and high-throughput screening based on genetically encoded biosensors have allowed for new concepts.

Exporters for Production of Amino Acids and Other Small Molecules.

Microbes are talented catalysts to synthesize valuable small molecules in their cytosol. However, to make full use of their skills - and that of metabolic engineers - the export of intracellularly synthesized molecules to the culture medium has to be considered. This step is as essential as is each step for the synthesis of the favorite molecule of the metabolic engineer, but is frequently not taken into account.

Mutations in MurE, the essential UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate 2,6-diaminopimelate ligase of Corynebacterium glutamicum: effect on L-lysine formation and analysis of systemic consequences.

Objectives: To explore systemic effects of mutations in the UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-D-glutamate 2,6-diaminopimelate ligase (MurE) of Corynebacterium glutamicum, that leads to extracellular L-lysine accumulation by this bacterium.

Results: The analysis of a mutant cohort of C. glutamicum strains carrying all possible 20 amino acids at position 81 of MurE revealed unexpected effects on cellular properties.

Formation of xylitol and xylitol-5-phosphate and its impact on growth of d-xylose-utilizing Corynebacterium glutamicum strains.

Wild-type Corynebacterium glutamicum has no endogenous metabolic activity for utilizing the lignocellulosic pentose d-xylose for cell growth. Therefore, two different engineering approaches have been pursued resulting in platform strains harbouring a functional version of either the Isomerase (ISO) or the Weimberg (WMB) pathway for d-xylose assimilation. In a previous study we found for C.

A giant market and a powerful metabolism: L-lysine provided by Corynebacterium glutamicum.

L-lysine is made in an exceptional large quantity of currently 2,200,000 tons/year and belongs therefore to one of the leading biotechnological products. Production is done almost exclusively with mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum. The increasing L-lysine market forces companies to improve the production process fostering also a deeper understanding of the microbial physiology of C.

Novel screening methods--biosensors.

Biosensors offer exciting possibilities for improving cells or enzymes as biocatalysts for the synthesis of small molecules. We here review recent progress in the development and the screening applications of transcription-factor-based biosensors. An example is a cofactor-dependent biosensor which provides a generalizable screen for NADPH-dependent enzymes.

Acyl-CoA sensing by FasR to adjust fatty acid synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Corynebacterium glutamicum, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a member of the Corynebacteriales, which have linear fatty acids and as branched fatty acids the mycolic acids. We identified accD1 and fasA as key genes of fatty acid synthesis, encoding the β-subunit of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase and a type-I fatty acid synthase, respectively, and observed their repression during growth on minimal medium with acetate. We also identified the transcriptional regulator FasR and its binding sites in the 5′ upstream regions of accD1 and fasA.

The contest for precursors: channelling L-isoleucine synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum without byproduct formation.

L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid, which is required as a pharma product and feed additive. Its synthesis shares initial steps with that of L-lysine and L-threonine, and four enzymes of L-isoleucine synthesis have an enlarged substrate specificity involved also in L-valine and L-leucine synthesis. As a consequence, constructing a strain specifically overproducing L-isoleucine without byproduct formation is a challenge.