The Effect of Primary Root Canal Treatment on Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Calcium Silicate-based Sealers during Endodontic Retreatment.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of previous root canal treatment on dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers during endodontic retreatment and to compare 2 different (commonly used and modified) tubule penetration depth measurement techniques.

Methods: The crowns of mandibular premolar teeth were removed, and root canals were prepared (ProTaper Universal; Dentsply Sirona, York, PA) and obturated using AH Plus (AH; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), MTA Fillapex (MTAF; Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), and WellRoot ST (WRST; Vericom, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea); 0.1% red Rhod-2 dye (Chemodex, St Gallen, Switzerland) was added to the sealers.

An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of enuresis nocturna on quality of life of the mothers. Mothers who have a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n=28) and mothers who have a child without any health problems (n=38) were enrolled in the study. Groups were in balance for background variables (child's age, gender, and number of siblings; mother's age, marital status, highest year of education completed, and occupation; presence of health insurance; and type of residence).

Evaluation of voiding dysfunctions in children with chronic functional constipation.

There are controversial results about the role of dysfunctional bowel emptying in disorders of the urinary tract like urinary tract infection (UTI), vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and enuresis. Constipation may cause UTI, enuresis and VUR due to the uninhibited bladder contraction. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of nocturnal enuresis, UTI and instability symptoms in chronic functional constipation (CFC).

Frequency and characteristics of mongolian spots among Turkish children in Aegean region.

Mongolian spots, which are benign congenital lesions observed in the first years of life, can cause distress for parents due to aberrant localization as well as unexpected number and size. Therefore, efficient differential diagnosis is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of mongolian spots in 1-12-month-old children in a west Anatolian city and to evaluate parental approach to these lesions.

Interaction of two public health problems in Turkish schoolchildren: nutritional deficiencies and goitre.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the interaction of and association between frequency of goitre detected by palpation, nutritional status evaluated by anthropometric indices and socio-economic status in school-aged children.

Subjects: One thousand and eighteen prepubertal and pubertal children (aged 6-14 years) attending primary schools in an urban area were included in this study.

Design And Setting: All subjects were evaluated for the presence of goitre and nutritional status.

Evaluation of association between hepatitis A and Helicobacter pylori infections and routes of transmission.

Previous research about coexistence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections and the factors that increase their prevalence has suggested that the route of transmission of HP infection includes oral-oral and water-foods as well as the fecal-oral route. The aim of this study was to evaluate the routes of transmission of HP by comparing the seroprevalences of HP and HAV in children. One hundred and two children aged 1-18 years living in rural and urban regions of Izmir were included in this study.

Parental presence during invasive procedures and resuscitation: attitudes of health care professionals in Turkey.

Objectives: An agreement among physician, nurse, and family on the issue and a solution developed by all will improve the quality of work. The aims of this study were to determine health care professionals' (physicians and nurses) attitude toward parental presence during invasive procedures and toward parental participation in this decision and to investigate the difference between the approach of physicians and nurses.

Methods: This study was performed on the physicians and nurses of the Medical Faculty of the Department of Pediatrics of Ege University between December 2003 and March 2004.

A very rare cause of recurrent apnea: congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma.

A three-month-old girl patient born at the 37th week of gestation as one of twins was admitted to our hospital with cardiac arrest. There was past medical history of multiple hospitalizations with symptoms of cyanosis, respiratory distress, and frequent and severe attacks of apnea since her birth. On nasopharyngeal computerized tomography a mass (25x24 mm) occupying the right side of the nasopharynx was detected.

Mothers' attitudes towards their own presence during invasive procedures on their children.

This study assessed of the preferences 742 mothers regarding their own presence during invasive procedures performed on their children. The relationships between socio-demographical characteristics and preferences of the mothers and disease characteristics of the children were examined. A mother's desire to be present was found to increase with decreasing invasiveness of the procedure as well as with increasing analgesia and sedation provided.

A de novo t (X;8)(p11.2;q24.3) demonstrating Cornelia de Lange syndrome phenotype.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare syndrome of hitherto unknown etiology. We present a 9-months old female patient with de novo t (X;8) (p11.2;q24.

The factors affecting the relation between the menarcheal age of mother and daughter.

Background: Menarche is one of the most important biologic signals in the life of a woman. Menarche is a biological variable which has a significant genotypic component in girls. In recent years, many studies reporting the earlier onset of menarche owing to the improvement of socio-economic conditions have been published.

Effects of different socioeconomic conditions on menarche in Turkish female students.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the age at menarche, the menarcheal features, and the association between menarcheal age and socioeconomic status in an urban area in Turkey. In addition, we tried to assess whether there is a relationship between age at menarche and body composition.

Methods: We asked some questions about menarche of 1017 female adolescent students in the high schools of Manisa region.

A generally neglected threat in infant nutrition: incorrect preparation of infant formulae.

Breast milk is the most appropriate food for infants. At least 4-6 months of breast feeding is sufficient for all babies if appropriate growth is monitored monthly. However, for those infants unable to breast-feed sufficiently or at all, formula can be given as an alternative.

Measles seroprevalence in Izmir with special emphasis on measles vaccination policy for Turkey.

Background: Measles outbreaks seem to occur every 2- to 3-year intervals in Turkey. However, sero-epidemiological studies are limited. Knowing the prevalence of measles susceptibility as measured either by serologic markers of immunity or surveys of vaccination coverage is an important tool to assess the risk for measles outbreaks.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in a pediatric population.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the common bacterial infections in humans. In this study, seroprevalence of H.

Low-dose intradermal administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: 5-year follow-up study.

Several studies have documented the efficacy of low-dose intradermal administration of hepatitis B vaccine. However, little is known about the duration of protection provided by low-dose intradermal administration of hepatitis B vaccine. This study reports results from a 5-year follow up period of 200 healthy children (100 infants and 100 preschool children) immunized intradermally with 2 microg doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (GenHevac B) at months 0,1, and 6.

Immunity to diphtheria in Izmir, Turkey.

In order to assess immunity to diphtheria in Izmir, Turkey, a total of 743 persons 1-70 years of age were selected with cluster sampling. The information on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status and diphtheria history was gathered for each participant. Diphtheria antitoxin levels were measured qualitatively by using micro-enzyme immune assay.

Influence of feeding regimens on non-invasive inferior vena cava and hepatic vein velocity measurements in infants.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding type and osmotic load on intravascular volume status. Ninety term, healthy infants 2 mo of age were included in the study. The breastfed and formula-fed groups each consisted of 45 infants.

Adequate immune response to tetanus toxoid and failure of vitamin A and E supplementation to enhance antibody response in healthy children.

The effects of vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation on the IgG response to tetanus toxoid after primary immunization were evaluated in a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial involving 89 healthy infants with normal serum vitamin A and E levels at 2 months of age. Before the first dose of DPT vaccine, the infants were randomly enrolled into four different study groups [Group I (n=24): 30,000 IU vitamin A for 3 days just after each three doses of primary vaccination, Group II (n=21): 150 mg oral vitamin E for only 1 day after the injections for primary immunization, Group III (n=21): vitamins A and E together in the same order, Group IV (n=23) no vitamin after DPT vaccines]. Serum tetanus antitoxin (IgG) titres were measured three times; initially at 2 months of age before the first dose of DPT, secondly at 5 months of age 1 month after primary immunization and thirdly at 16-18 months of age before the booster dose of DPT.

Vitamin A deficiency in healthy children aged 6-59 months in Izmir Province of Turkey.

Vitamin A deficiency even at subclinical levels is associated with increased childhood mortality. There have been few studies related to vitamin A status of children in Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess vitamin A status of children aged 6-59 months in Izmir, Turkey, and to evaluate the relationship of these levels with nutritional status.

Rubella seroprevalence in an unvaccinated population in Izmir: recommendations for rubella vaccination in Turkey.

Background: The European Advisory Group on the Expanded Program on Immunization of WHO has recommended that by 2010 or earlier congenital rubella should be well-controlled or eliminated in all countries in Europe. Debate on the introduction of rubella vaccine into national immunization schedules continues to occur, and data on rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Turkey are insufficient.

Objective: To determine age-specific rubella seroprevalence in the 1- to 29-year-old unvaccinated population in Izmir, Turkey.

Low-dose intradermal versus intramuscular administration of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine: a comparison of immunogenicity in infants and preschool children.

Two hundred infants and two hundred preschool children were randomly assigned to receive either 10 micrograms of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (GenHevac B) intramuscularly (i.m.) or 2 micrograms intradermally (ID) in the deltoid region at 0, 1 and 6 months.

Intradermal administration of hepatitis B vaccine in infants and preschool children.

One of the ways to administrate hepatitis B vaccination is the intradermal (id) route. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunologic response of various age groups of children who received three 2 micrograms id doses of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. One hundred and eighty-seven children (86 infants, 101 preschool children) were administered a 2 micrograms dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Gen Hevac B) intradermally zero, one and six months.