Monitoring the response of volcanic CO emissions to changes in the Los Humeros hydrothermal system.

Carbon dioxide is the most abundant, non-condensable gas in volcanic systems, released into the atmosphere through either diffuse or advective fluid flow. The emission of substantial amounts of CO at Earth's surface is not only controlled by volcanic plumes during periods of eruptive activity or fumaroles, but also by soil degassing along permeable structures in the subsurface. Monitoring of these processes is of utmost importance for volcanic hazard analyses, and is also relevant for managing geothermal resources.

Detecting gas-rich hydrothermal vents in Ngozi Crater Lake using integrated exploration tools.

Gas-rich hydrothermal vents in crater lakes might pose an acute danger to people living nearby due to the risk of limnic eruptions as a result of gas accumulation in the water column. This phenomenon has been reported from several incidents, e.g.