The impact of closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems on hypoglycaemia awareness in people living with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Impaired awareness of hyperglycaemia (IAH) affects approximately 20-40% of people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D), predisposing them to severe hypoglycaemia. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of closed-loop automated insulin delivery systems (CL-AID) in restoring IAH compared with standard diabetes care, including other diabetes technologies.

Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished observational and randomised-control studies (RCTs) from inception to 29th of May 2024.

Development of diagnostic algorithm for Cushing's syndrome: a tertiary centre experience.

Purpose: No consensus exists as the gold standard for Cushing's Syndrome (CS) screening. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and utility of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) and cortisone (LNSE), overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST), and urinary free cortisol (UFC) in developing a screening algorithm for CS.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centre analysis on 93 adult patients referred to the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism for CS evaluation (2017-2022).

Copeptin and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) after pituitary transsphenoidal surgery.

Objective: This study evaluates the predictive value of copeptin for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) postpituitary transsphenoidal surgery (TSS).

Design: Data from 133 consecutive patients undergoing TSS (November 2017-October 2022) at Oxford University Hospitals NHS trust are presented in this retrospective study.

Methods: Logistic regression (LR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of copeptin.

Adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement for people with hypothyroidism in real-world settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: Thyroid hormone under-replacement and over-replacement are associated with adverse health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the extent of thyroid hormone replacement adequacy for patients with known hypothyroidism in real-word settings, excluding those receiving thyroid hormone suppressive therapy as thyroid cancer treatment.

Design: Four electronic databases (Embase [Ovid], Medline [Ovid], PubMed and SCOPUS) were searched for published and unpublished observational studies until 12 December 2022.

A case of ChAdOx1 vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome leading to bilateral adrenal haemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency.

Summary: Vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT) after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with the adenoviral vector-based vaccines ChAdOx1 and Ad26.COV2.S has been associated with adrenal pathology, such as bilateral adrenal vein thrombosis, adrenal cortex haemorrhage and adrenal insufficiency in 6% of patients.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions on mental health and quality of life in people living with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Living with type 1 diabetes can be associated with significant psychological morbidity, poor glycaemic control, and increased risk for microvascular complications. This systematic review sought to investigate the effects of psychological interventions on depression, anxiety, diabetes-related distress, quality of life, and glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials.

Are telephone consultations the future of the NHS? The outcomes and experiences of an NHS urological service in moving to telemedicine.

Objective: To evaluate urology patient satisfaction with telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: All patients who received a telephone appointment in a 1-month period were invited to complete a questionnaire. An adaption of the Telehealth Satisfaction Scale (TeSS) was used.

Which is the optimal minimally invasive treatment for osteoid osteoma of the hip? A systematic review and proportional meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoid osteomata comprise approximately 10% of benign bone tumours, with 20% of them being located in the proximal femur and 1-3% in the pelvis. In this meta-analysis, we sought to investigate positive and negative outcomes relating to minimally invasive surgery (MIS), which has superseded open resection and conservative measures over the last decades.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, CENTRAL and grey literature for completed studies published until 10 August 2020.

LRGUK-1 is required for basal body and manchette function during spermatogenesis and male fertility.

Male infertility affects at least 5% of reproductive age males. The most common pathology is a complex presentation of decreased sperm output and abnormal sperm shape and motility referred to as oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT). For the majority of OAT men a precise diagnosis cannot be provided.

Recent progress in histochemistry and cell biology.

Studies published in Histochemistry and Cell Biology in the year 2011 represent once more a manifest of established and newly sophisticated techniques being exploited to put tissue- and cell type-specific molecules into a functional context. The review is therefore the Histochemistry and Cell Biology's yearly intention to provide interested readers appropriate summaries of investigations touching the areas of tissue biology, developmental biology, the biology of the immune system, stem cell research, the biology of subcellular compartments, in order to put the message of such studies into natural scientific-/human- and also pathological-relevant correlations.

Histochemistry and cell biology: the annual review 2010.

This review summarizes recent advances in histochemistry and cell biology which complement and extend our knowledge regarding various aspects of protein functions, cell and tissue biology, employing appropriate in vivo model systems in conjunction with established and novel approaches. In this context several non-expected results and discoveries were obtained which paved the way of research into new directions. Once the reader embarks on reading this review, it quickly becomes quite obvious that the studies contribute not only to a better understanding of fundamental biological processes but also provide use-oriented aspects that can be derived therefrom.

Desmocollin 3-mediated binding is crucial for keratinocyte cohesion and is impaired in pemphigus.

Desmocollin (Dsc) 1-3 and desmoglein (Dsg) 1-4, transmembrane proteins of the cadherin family, form the adhesive core of desmosomes. Here we provide evidence that Dsc3 homo- and heterophilic trans-interaction is crucial for epidermal integrity. Single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed homophilic trans-interaction of Dsc3.

Endothelial barrier stabilization by a cyclic tandem peptide targeting VE-cadherin transinteraction in vitro and in vivo.

Inflammatory stimuli result in vascular leakage with potentially life threatening consequences. As a key barrier component, loss of vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin-mediated adhesion often precedes endothelial breakdown. This study aimed to stabilize VE-cadherin transinteraction and endothelial barrier function using peptides targeting the VE-cadherin adhesive interface.

Peptides Targeting the Desmoglein 3 Adhesive Interface Prevent Autoantibody-induced Acantholysis in Pemphigus.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) autoantibodies directly inhibit desmoglein (Dsg) 3-mediated transinteraction. Because cellular signaling also seems to be required for PV pathogenesis, it is important to characterize the role of direct inhibition in pemphigus acantholysis to allow establishment of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we modeled the Dsg1 and Dsg3 sequences into resolved cadherin structures and predicted peptides targeting the adhesive interface of both Dsg3 and Dsg1.

Regulation of Nuclear Import During Differentiation; The IMP alpha Gene Family and Spermatogenesis.

Access to nuclear genes in eukaryotes is provided by members of the importin (IMP) superfamily of proteins, which are of alpha- or beta-types, the best understood nuclear import pathway being mediated by a heterodimer of an IMP alpha and IMP beta1. IMP alpha recognises specific targeting signals on cargo proteins, while IMP beta1 mediates passage into, and release within, the nucleus by interacting with other components of the transport machinery, including the monomeric guanine nucleotide binding protein Ran. In this manner, hundreds of different proteins can be targeted specifically into the nucleus in a tightly regulated fashion.

Drivers of germ cell maturation.

Spermatogenesis requires progression of germ line stem cells through a precisely ordered differentiation pathway to form spermatozoa. Diverse and dynamic signals from the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily influence many stages of germ cell development. For example, interactions between several TGF-beta superfamily ligands (bone morphogenetic proteins, activin, and glial-derived neurotrophic growth factor [GDNF]) appear to govern the onset of spermatogenesis, and we are exploring how germ cells interpret these competing signals.

Mitochondrial and nuclear localization of kanadaptin.

Kanadaptin has originally been isolated as a kidney Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger 1 (kAE1)-binding protein. Initial studies suggested, that in the kidney of the rabbit kanadaptin is expressed exclusively in all epithelial cells of the collecting duct. Transcripts of kanadaptin were also found in tissues not expressing kAE1, indicating additional roles for kanadaptin.

Novel properties of the nucleolar targeting signal of human angiogenin.

The polypeptide ligand angiogenin, a potent inducer of angiogenesis, localizes in the nucleus/nucleolus subsequent to endocytosis by relevant cell types. This study examines the kinetic properties of the nucleolar targeting signal (NTS) of angiogenin (IMRRRGL(35)) at the single cell level. We show that the NTS is sufficient to target green fluorescent protein (GFP), but not beta-galactosidase, to the nucleolus of rat hepatoma cells.

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase site (Ser312) enhances dorsal nuclear import through facilitating nuclear localization sequence/importin interaction.

Control over the nuclear import of transcription factors (TFs) represents a level of gene regulation integral to cellular processes such as differentiation and transformation. The Drosophila TF Dorsal shares with other rel TF family members the fact that it contains a phosphorylation site for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) 22 amino acids N-terminal to the nuclear localization signal (NLS) at amino acids 335-340. This study examines for the first time the nuclear import kinetics of Dorsal fusion proteins in rat hepatoma cells in vivo and in vitro.

A novel system to quantitate nuclear-cytoplasmic flux in vivo: kinetics of signal-dependent nuclear protein export.

Compared to signal-mediated nuclear protein import, there is a paucity of kinetic information with respect to signal-mediated nuclear protein export. In this study we use the novel approach of simultaneous nuclear/cytoplasmic microinjection of beta-galactosidase fusion proteins to examine nuclear import and export conferred by the leucine-rich nuclear export signals (NESs) of HIV-1 Rev and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor PKI, comparing results to those for either a fusion protein containing a conventional nuclear localization sequence (NLS) or beta-galactosidase itself. We also analyze nuclear transport of the proteins in vitro.

The HIV-1 Tat nuclear localization sequence confers novel nuclear import properties.

The different classes of conventional nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) resemble one another in that NLS-dependent nuclear protein import is energy-dependent and mediated by the cytosolic NLS-binding importin/karyopherin subunits and monomeric GTP-binding protein Ran/TC4. Based on analysis of the nuclear import kinetics mediated by the NLS of the human immunodeficiency virus accessory protein Tat using in vivo and in vitro nuclear transport assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we report a novel nuclear import pathway. We demonstrate that the Tat-NLS, not recognized by importin 58/97 subunits as shown using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding assay, is sufficient to target the 476-kDa heterologous beta-galactosidase protein to the nucleus in ATP-dependent but cytosolic factor-independent fashion.

Kinetic characterization of the human retinoblastoma protein bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in vivo and in vitro. A comparison with the SV40 large T-antigen NLS.

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is a nuclear phosphoprotein important for cell growth control and able to bind specifically to viral oncoproteins such as the SV40 large tumor antigen (T-ag). Human RB possesses a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) consisting of two clusters of basic amino acids within amino acids 860-877, also present in mouse and Xenopus homologs, which resembles that of nucleoplasmin. The T-ag NLS represents a different type of NLS, consisting of only one stretch of basic amino acids.

Intravenous administration of diltiazem in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of diltiazem bolus intravenous administration, compared to disopyramide, in the treatment of various types of paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Method: Fifty patients (23 males, 27 females, mean age 47.7 +/- 15.