Paccianon the Neglected Galenic Drug for Ophthalmic Lesions.

The Greco-Roman physician Galen of Pergamon was the first to mention a drug named Paccianon. This drug was unknown in ancient Greece and most probably through the School of Alexandria entered medical literature. Oribasius and Aetius were the only two practitioners who mentioned it after Galen, administrating it in various forms, such as poultice, mixture, and collyrium, for a series of ophthalmic diseases and cutaneous lesions.

Shear-wave elastographic imaging in choroidal melanomas: clinical and hemodynamic correlations.

Purpose: This study evaluated the role of shear wave elastography imaging (SWEΙ) in uveal melanomas and the associations between SWEI and clinical and hemodynamic findings.

Study Design: Prospective, clinical study METHODS: Twelve patients with uveal melanomas, scheduled to undergo Ru-106 brachytherapy, were prospectively recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Hospital of Heraklion (September-December 2022). B-mode, hemodynamic and SWEI ultrasonography examinations were performed with the HiScan (OPTIKON 2000) and the LOGIQ E9 (GE Healthcare) sonographic systems, respectively.

Clinical and Social Features of Patients with Eye Injuries Admitted to a Tertiary Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study from Crete, Greece.

Eye injuries are a major cause of visual disability worldwide and may present a burden to both quality of life of the sufferers and healthcare services. The aim of this study was to extract and triangulate information on the demographic, clinical, and social features of eye-injured adult patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Greece. The design was a five-year retrospective study of eye-injured adult patients, admitted to the General University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete (GUHH), the single tertiary referral hospital on the island.

Ocular trauma, visual acuity related to time of referral and psychosocial determinants, during COVID‑19 pandemic: A prospective study.

The aim of the present study was to explore the associations between visual outcomes of ocular injury patients in a tertiary hospital unit with clinical and demographic variables and to evaluate the psychosocial impact of the injury on the patients. An 18-month prospective study of 30 eye-injured adult patients was conducted in the General University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, a tertiary referral hospital. All severe eye injury case information was prospectively collected between February 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) of the eye: A review on basic principles, advantages, disadvantages and device specifications.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a relatively new imaging technique in ophthalmology for the visualization of the retinal microcirculation and other tissues of the human eye. This review paper aims to describe the basic definitions and principles of OCT and OCTA in the most straightforward possible language without complex mathematical and engineering analysis. This is done to help health professionals of various disciplines improve their understanding of OCTA and design further clinical research more efficiently.

Individualized dosimetry in Ru-106 ophthalmic brachytherapy based on MRI-derived ocular anatomical parameters.

Purpose: To estimate ocular geometry-related inaccuracies of the dosimetric plan in Ru-106 ophthalmic brachytherapy.

Methods And Materials: Thirty patients with intraocular lesions were treated with brachytherapy using a Ru-106 plaque-shell of inner radius of 12 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging was employed to determine the external scleral radius at tumor site and the tumor margins.

COVID-19 in Ophthalmology. Current Disease Status and Challenges during Clinical Practice.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised a global public health concern. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence currently available on COVID-19 for its ocular implications and manifestations from both pathogenetic and clinical standpoints. For this narrative review, more than 100 relevant scientific articles were considered from various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct) using keywords such as coronavirus outbreak, COVID-19, ophthalmology, ocular symptoms.

Extraocular Muscle Volumetry for Assessment of Thyroid Eye Disease.

Background: In this study we evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of extraocular muscle volumetry in detecting thyroid eye disease and to compare the results with simple measurements of maximal medial rectus (MR) diameter.

Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 47 eyes of 47 patients with thyroid eye disease and 47 healthy controls. Patients underwent slitlamp examination and imaging consisting of computed tomography scans.

Late-onset inverse Bell's phenomenon after upper eyelid trauma.

Bell's phenomenon evaluation is an important part of preoperative patient assessment for eyelid surgeries. Inverse Bell's phenomenon is a rare manifestation, usually observed in the early postoperative period following ptosis restoration surgeries, in pathological conditions, and in a small proportion of normal population. In the current case report, a 6-year-old girl presented with late-onset posttraumatic inverse Bell's phenomenon, 6 months after facial trauma with posttraumatic lagophthalmos.

Association between HPV detection in swab samples and tissue specimens and ophthalmic pterygium recurrence.

Purpose: To investigate the presence of HPV on the ocular surface after surgical excision of HPV infected pterygia and the possible correlation of HPV with pterygium postoperative recurrence.

Materials And Methods: Both exfoliative pterygium swab samples and respective tissue specimens were received and analyzed with real-time PCR for the detection of HPV-infected pterygia. In addition, swab samples from patients that had HPV-infected pterygia with no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up, as well as swab samples from patients with healthy conjunctiva, were analyzed.

Causes, occupational risk and socio-economic determinants of eye injuries: a literature review.

Purpose: This review provides literature views on ocular trauma, with emphasis on common causes of injury, occupational risk, socio-economic factors, management peculiarities and some implications on overall care approach, from prevention to treatment.

Methods: A literature search was performed using key words in PubMed to extract the most relevant articles on ocular injuries, from an occupational point of view. Seventeen relevant articles were included out of seventy-two.

Association of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and ocular blood flow.

The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). In total, 83 subjects (45 cases of severe OSAHS and 38 controls) underwent polysomnographic assessment and were evaluated for the severity of the disease using the Apnea-Hypopnea index. A detailed ophthalmologic exam was then performed, including measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) with a Goldmann applanation tonometer and Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), recording of the ocular pulse amplitude measured by the Pascal DCT, standard automated perimetry and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness evaluation using optical coherence tomography.

MRI and dual-energy CT fusion anatomic imaging in Ru-106 ophthalmic brachytherapy.

Purpose: Brachytherapy with Ru-106 is widely used for the treatment of intraocular tumors, and its efficacy depends on the accuracy of radioactive plaque placement. Ru-106 plaques are MRI incompatible and create severe metal artifacts on conventional CT scans. Dual-energy CT scans (DECT) may be used to suppress such artifacts.

Ultrasound Elastography in Ocular and Periocular Tissues: A Review.

Ultrasound elastography has become available in everyday practice, allowing direct measurement of tissue elasticity with important and expanding clinical applications. Several studies that have evaluated pathological and non-pathological tissues have demonstrated that ultrasound elastography can actually improve the diagnostic accuracy of the underlying disease process by detecting differences in their elasticity. Ocular and periocular tissues can also be characterized by their elastic properties.

eyeWatch™ System Combined with Non-plated Intraorbital Tube Insertion for the Management of Refractory Glaucoma: A Case Series.

Introduction: The eyeWatch™ is a novel device in glaucoma surgery aiming at the control of aqueous flow through the use of an external magnetic control unit. We propose the modification of this approach through the use of an injectable perforated tube rather than a plated valve.

Materials And Methods: Procedures were performed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Crete.

Primary open angle glaucoma genetics: The common variants and their clinical associations (Review).

Glaucoma is a group of progressive optic neuropathies that have in common characteristic optic nerve head changes, loss of retinal ganglion cells and visual field defects. Among the large family of glaucomas, primary open‑angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type, a complex and heterogeneous disorder with environmental and genetic factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Approximately 5% of POAG is currently attributed to single‑gene or Mendelian forms of glaucoma.

Dual-energy CT imaging of orbits during episcleral brachytherapy with Ru-106 plaques: A phantom study on its potential for plaque position verification.

Purpose: To investigate the potential of dual energy CT (DECT) to suppress metal artifacts and accurately depict episcleral brachytherapy Ru-106 plaques after surgical placement.

Methods: An anthropomorphic phantom simulating the adult head after surgical placement of a Ru-106 plaque was employed. Nine DECT acquisition protocols for orbital imaging were applied.

PET/CT and PET/MRI in ophthalmic oncology (Review).

Orbital and ocular anatomy is quite complex, consisting of several tissues, which can give rise to both benign and malignant tumors, while several primary neoplasms can metastasize to the orbital and ocular space. Early detection, accurate staging and re‑staging, efficient monitoring of treatment response, non‑invasive differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, and accurate planning of external radiation treatment, are of utmost importance for the optimal and individualized management of ophthalmic oncology patients. Addressing these challenges requires the employment of several diagnostic imaging techniques, such as high‑definition digital fundus photography, ultrasound imaging, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography (OCT)‑angiography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Preliminary results of a semi-automated platform for pixel-based quantification of choroidal naevus progression.

Objective: To evaluate a novel method for choroidal naevus progression monitoring using semiautomated software for pixel-based quantification.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with choroidal melanotic lesions. In total, 87 eyes fulfilled our inclusion criteria.

Human papillomavirus infection and ocular surface disease (Review).

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a primary cause of lesions in the anogenital region, skin, oropharynx and respiratory tract. Additionally, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease has also been extensively studied. Conjunctival papilloma development has been strongly associated with the HPV infection of certain subtypes.

Estimation of Morphological Characteristics in Asymmetrical Myopic Posterior Staphyloma using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: Posterior staphyloma is an ocular complication associated with high myopia and reflects degenerative changes on the sclera. Its morphology is associated with chorioretinal atrophy and myopic maculopathy. The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in providing a simple estimation of the staphyloma pattern.

Normal-tension glaucoma: Pathogenesis and genetics.

Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is a multifactorial optic neuropathy which, similar to open-angle glaucomas, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death and glaucomatous visual field loss. The major distinction of NTG from open-angle glaucomas is that the intraocular pressure (IOP) does not exceed the normal range. Missing the major risk factor and target of therapy, the elevated IOP, NTG poses a clinical challenge.