Ocular and Genetic Risk Factors in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: a Comprehensive Review.

Introduction: Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a leading cause of vision impairment globally and the second most common retinal vascular disease leading to blindness. Affecting over 20 million people worldwide, the prevalence of BRVO is expected to increase with the aging population. Branch retinal vein occlusion occurs due to the obstruction of small veins draining blood from the retina, leading to hemorrhages, fluid leakage and retinal damage.

Systemic Risk Factors in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: a Comprehensive Review.

Background: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a major cause of vision impairment globally. Obstruction in the retinal venous system is often due to thrombus formation at arteriovenous crossing points, leading to symptoms localized to the affected retinal area. Systemic conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and heart disease are recognized risk factors for RVO, influencing the components of Virchow's triad.