is associated with normal muscle mass and is related with sarcopenia in cirrhosis.

Background: Sarcopenia and gut dysbiosis are common in cirrhosis. The aim is to study the correlations between the gut microbiota taxa and muscle mass level in cirrhosis.

Methods: The study included 40 cirrhosis patients including 18 patients with sarcopenia.

Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis.

Background: The gut-liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis, but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation, for which presepsin may be a candidate.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious infection.

Methods: This study included 48 patients with Child-Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy controls.

Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Damage in Cirrhosis.

Gut dysbiosis and subclinical intestinal damage are common in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to examine the association of intestinal damage biomarkers (diamine oxidase [DAO], claudin 3, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP; FABP2]) with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis. The blood levels of DAO were inversely correlated with blood levels of claudin 3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), presepsin, TNF-α, and the severity of cirrhosis according to Child-Pugh scores.

Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cirrhosis.

Our aim was to study the association of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers with cirrhosis manifestations, bacterial translocation, and gut microbiota taxa. The fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma levels of nitrite, big endothelin-1, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), presepsin, and claudin were measured as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, bacterial translocation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction.

Efficacy and Safety of a Probiotic Containing CNCM I-745 in the Treatment of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Decompensated Cirrhosis: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

(1) : The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the probiotic containing in the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2) : This was a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study. (3) : After 3 months of treatment, SIBO was absent in 80.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cirrhosis.

Background: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with numerous manifestations of cirrhosis. To determine whether the presence of SIBO affects the prognosis in cirrhosis was the aim of the study.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 50 patients.

Effect of probiotics on hemodynamic changes and complications associated with cirrhosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Bacterial translocation exacerbates the hyperdynamic circulation observed in cirrhosis and contributes to a more severe disease course. Probiotics may reduce bacterial translocation and may therefore be useful to redress the circulatory imbalance.

Aim: To investigate the effect of probiotics on hemodynamic parameters, systemic inflammation, and complications of cirrhosis in this randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Infra-Low Frequency Neurofeedback in Tension-Type Headache: A Cross-Over Sham-Controlled Study.

Primary headaches are highly prevalent and represent a major cause of disability in young adults. Neurofeedback is increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain; however, there are few studies investigating its efficacy in patients with headaches. We report the results of a cross-over sham-controlled study on the efficacy of neurofeedback in the prophylactic treatment of tension-type headache (TTH).

Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth as independent forms of gut microbiota disorders in cirrhosis.

Background: Gut dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are commonly observed in patients with cirrhosis. Despite the substantial number of articles describing the relations between disorders of gut microbiota and various manifestations of cirrhosis, dysbiosis and SIBO were always studied separately.

Aim: To study the relationship of gut dysbiosis and SIBO in cirrhosis.

Gut-liver axis in cirrhosis: Are hemodynamic changes a missing link?

Recent evidence suggests that the condition of the gut and its microbiota greatly influence the course of liver disease, especially cirrhosis. This introduces the concept of the gut-liver axis, which can be imagined as a chain connected by several links. Gut dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and intestinal barrier alteration lead to bacterial translocation, resulting in systemic inflammation.

Early viral versus late antibiotic-associated diarrhea in novel coronavirus infection.

Diarrhea is one of the manifestations of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it also develops as a complication of massive antibiotic therapy in this disease. This study aimed to compare these types of diarrhea.We included patients with COVID-19 in a cohort study and excluded patients with chronic diarrhea, laxative use, and those who died during the first day of hospitalization.

Probiotics in hepatology: An update.

The gut-liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Probiotics are living bacteria that may be used to correct disorders of this axis. Notable progress has been made in the study of probiotic drugs for the treatment of various liver diseases in the last decade.

Interleukin 17 antagonist netakimab is effective and safe in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Cytokine release syndrome is a serious complication of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The aim of the study was to assess effectiveness and safety of the IL-17 antagonist nekatimab for its treatment. The retrospective study included COVID-19 patients with C-reactive protein levels >60 mg/L.

Gut dysbiosis is associated with poorer long-term prognosis in cirrhosis.

Background: Gut dysbiosis is common in cirrhosis.

Aim: To study the influence of gut dysbiosis on prognosis in cirrhosis.

Methods: The case-control study included 48 in-patients with cirrhosis and 21 healthy controls.

Tofacitinib reduces mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 Tofacitinib in COVID-19.

Background And Aim: Cytokine release syndrome is a dangerous complication of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the management of this complication.

Methods: The retrospective study included COVID-19 patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels of 60-150 mg/L.

Production of the growth factors GM-CSF, G-CSF, and VEGF by human peripheral blood cells induced with metal complexes of human serum γ -globulin formed with copper or zinc ions.

As it was established in our previous studies, the proteins of human serum γ-globulin fraction could interact with copper or zinc ions distributed in the periglobular space, form metal complexes, and become able to perform effector functions differing due to the conformational shifts from those mediated by them in native conformation of their Fc regions. In the present work we have evaluated ability of the γ-globulin metal complexes formed with copper or zinc ions in the conditions like to the physiological ones to induce production or to regulate induction in the culture of freshly isolated human peripheral blood cells (PBC) of granulocyte (G) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factors (CSF) as well as of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The γ-globulin metal complexes formed with both copper and zinc ions were found to similarly reduce production of GM-CSF, G-CSF, and VEGF induced in normal human PBC cultures by the control γ-globulins or by copper and zinc ions used alone.

γ-Globulin fraction proteins and their metal complexes with copper cations in induction of IL-8 production.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper cations, and metal complexes formed by copper cations with human serum γ-globulin induce the production of up to 4.0 ng/ml IL-8 by human blood cells. Protein modified by copper cations is 1.

[Myocardial infarction morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation in 2000-2011].

Aim: To study trends in myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation in 2000 to 2011.

Materials And Methods: The 2000-2011 official statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Health of Russia were used to analyze MI morbidity and mortality rates among urban and rural populations. Sex- and age-specific mortality rates were estimated.

Induction of TNF-α production by metal complexes of γ-globulin fraction proteins and copper and zinc cations.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes of these cations and human serum γ-globulin induce the production of TNF-α by human blood cells. The protein modified by zinc cations is by 1.4-1.

Production of early IL-1β induced by human serum γ-globulin metal complexes.

Plasma γ-globulin fraction proteins, copper and zinc cations, and metal complexes formed by them with human serum γ-globulin induce the production of early (24-h incubation) IL-1β by human blood cells. The protein modified by Zn cations 1.2 times more actively (p<0.

[In vitro accumulation of the photosensitizer Photosens in the atherosclerotic plaque of the human carotid artery].

The investigation was undertaken to study the accumulation of the photosensitizer Photosens in arterial atherosclerotic plaques and to immunohistochemically identify cellular elements in them. Specimens were obtained during carotid endarterectomy. The preferential accumulation of Photosens occurred in the plaque areas containing the largest number of cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes.