ANTERIOR SUBTENON TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION FOR REFRACTORY MACULAR EDEMA: A Retrospective Case Series.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of anterior subtenon triamcinolone (AST) injections in the management of refractory macular edema.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of consecutive eyes with refractory macular edema treated with AST at a single vitreoretinal surgeon's practice at Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada in 2018 to 2023. Refractory was defined as persistent macular edema with a central subfield thickness of 250 µ m or greater over a 24-week period, receiving at least four intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections.

ChatGPT and retinal disease: a cross-sectional study on AI comprehension of clinical guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) large language model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), for common retinal diseases, in accordance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Pattern (PPP) guidelines.

Design: A cross-sectional survey study design was employed to compare the responses made by ChatGPT to established clinical guidelines.

Evaluating the long-term biological stability of cytokine biomarkers in ocular fluid samples.

Purpose: The quality of biological fluid samples is vital for optimal preanalytical procedures and a requirement for effective translational biomarker research. This study aims to determine the effects of storage duration and freeze-thawing on the levels of various cytokines in the human aqueous humour and vitreous samples.

Methods And Analysis: Human ocular aqueous humour and vitreous samples were obtained from 25 eyes and stored at -80°C for analysis.

Clinical characteristics of non-infectious uveitis treated with and without systemic immunomodulatory therapy.

Objective: To compare the patient characteristics and long-term outcomes for those treated with and without systemic immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for non-infectious uveitis (NIU).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: All consecutive adults with NIU receiving care at 5 uveitis subspecialty tertiary care clinics between 2010 and 2021.

RETINAL OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING BIOMARKERS: A Review of the Literature.

Purpose: The aim of this literature review was to summarize novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging biomarkers that have recently been described in the literature and are frequently encountered clinically.

Methods: The literature was reviewed to identify novel OCT biomarkers reported to date. A descriptive summary of all terms and representative illustrations were provided to highlight the most relevant features.

Anatomical and functional outcomes of short-term DensironXTRA heavy silicone oil for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments: a comparative case series.

To assess the safety and efficacy of short-term DensironXTRA tamponade for repair of complicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD). This is a retrospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal DensironXTRA and a comparator group with gas (sulfur hexafluoride (SF) or perfluoropropane (CF)) tamponades by a single surgeon between January 2017 and November 2020 at a tertiary care centre. A total of 121 eyes with DensironXTRA and 81 comparator eyes with a gas tamponade were included.

Prophylactic intraocular pressure lowering measures in anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation following repeat intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections (IVI) may pose a risk to the integrity of the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL). This meta-analysis investigates the role of IOP-lowering interventions such as an anterior chamber paracentesis (ACP) and IOP-lowering medications on the IOP in patients undergoing IVIs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to February, 2021.

Prognostic Features of Preoperative OCT in Retinal Detachments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: To evaluate the prognostic association between preoperative features seen on OCT imaging and postoperative visual acuity (VA) outcomes in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).

Clinical Relevance: Currently, there is limited literature on the prognostic value of preoperative RRD OCT features.

Methods: A literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to September 15, 2022.

Retinal nerve fiber layer in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Purpose: Tauopathy and transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. These proteinopathies are difficult to detect . This study examined if spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) can differentiate the difference in peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular retinal thickness between participants with presumed tauopathy (progressive supranuclear palsy) and those with presumed TDP-43 proteinopathy (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia).

MACULAR HOLE HYDRODISSECTION TECHNIQUE WITH HUMAN AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE FOR REPAIR OF LARGE MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: To describe a combined surgical technique using the macular hole hydrodissection (MHH) with human amniotic membrane for repair of large macular holes.

Methods: A step-by-step procedure and a surgical video using the combined MHH and human amniotic membrane technique are presented.

Description And Technique: As the first step, the MHH separates the adhesions of the macular hole to the underlying retinal pigment epithelium with a soft-tipped cannula through proportional reflux followed by gentle passive aspiration.

Applications of the Guarded-Needle External Drainage Technique in Vitreoretinal Surgery.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique using the guarded-needle external drainage for a wide variety of applications in vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods: A step-by-step procedure and a surgical video using the guarded-needle external drainage technique are presented. In addition, a series of representative cases with wide-ranging diagnoses who underwent the technique is reviewed.

Prevalence and predictors for being unscreened for diabetic retinopathy: a population-based study over a decade.

Objective: To determine the population-level predictors for being unscreened for diabetic retinopathy (DR) among individuals with diabetes in a developed country.

Design: A retrospective population-based repeated-cross-sectional study.

Participants: All individuals with diabetes (types 1 and 2) aged ≥20 years in the universal health care system in Ontario were identified in the 2011-2013 and 2017-2019 time periods.

Human Amniotic Membrane Plug for Chronic or Persistent Macular Holes.

Purpose: To report on the use of human amniotic membrane for macular holes at 2 Canadian tertiary care centers.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects: Twenty-two patients with persistent or chronic macular holes.

Binocular visual function and fixational control in patients with macular disease: A review.

For normally sighted observers, the centre of the macula-the fovea-provides the sharpest vision and serves as the reference point for the oculomotor system. Typically, healthy observers have precise oculomotor control and binocular visual performance that is superior to monocular performance. These functions are disturbed in patients with macular disease who lose foveal vision.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Siluron2000 with Pars Plana Vitrectomy in the Treatment of Patients with Severe Vitreoretinopathy and Chronic Macular Holes.

Purpose: Silicone oil intraocular retinal tamponade is a useful adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of complex vitreoretinal conditions. Siluron2000, a modified silicone oil product containing an additional small, high molecular weight and low viscosity, very-long-chain silicone molecule, was developed to reduce post-operative silicone oil emulsification, a non-infrequent complication that occurs with low molecular weight silicone oil. This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of long-term Siluron2000.

PREOPERATIVE GAS FOR PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY: A SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR REPAIR OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS WITH MULTIPLE, LARGE, OR INFERIOR BREAKS.

Purpose: To describe the role of preoperative gas for pars plana vitrectomy (PGP) as an adjunct to surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive case series of all rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with multiple breaks in more than one quadrant, large breaks extending greater than one clock hour, and/or inferior breaks requiring PPV, who received intravitreal injection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) or perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) 1-2 weeks before PPV between 2016 and 2020 at a tertiary care center.

Results: A total of 109 eyes underwent the PGP technique, 73% of which had macular involvement.

Combined Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Segmental Scleral Buckle for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with Inferior Retinal Breaks.

Purpose: To describe a variation of the traditional segmental scleral buckle (SB) without an encircling band combined with 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with inferior retinal breaks.

Patients And Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, consecutive review of all RRDs with inferior retinal breaks that were treated with PPV and segmental SB without an encircling band between May 2019 and February 2020.

Results: A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients were included in the study.

Clinical Significance of Macula-Off Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Preoperative Features on Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) features and their association with postoperative outcomes in eyes with primary macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective case series of all consecutive cases undergoing repair of primary macula-off RRD at two tertiary care academic centers between January 2018 to January 2021.

Results: Among 406 eyes, baseline visual acuity (β = 0.

Enface vitreous OCT 'worm holes': A novel finding in a patient with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Purpose: To describe a case of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN), a rare condition that causes progressive vision loss following infection by a nematode using enface vitreous imaging.

Observations: We present the clinical findings of a 37-year-old female, clinically diagnosed with DUSN after a non-invasive multimodal imaging approach that included MultiColor scanning laser imaging and enface vitreous OCT, which revealed the nematode body and lacunae created by worm migration, respectively.

Conclusion And Importance: To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lacunae visualized using enface vitreous optical coherence tomography (OCT), potentially marking the migration path of the nematode.

Chorioretinitis: A diagnostic clue to West Nile neuroinvasive disease.

The use of ancillary ophthalmic imaging can aid in the timely and accurate diagnosis of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in the presence of chorioretinal involvement.