The Role of Activated Stromal Cells in Fibrotic Foci Formation and Reversion.

Fibrotic focus is a pivotal morphofunctional unit in developing fibrosis in various tissues. For most fibrotic diseases, including progressive forms, the foci are considered unable to remodel and contribute to the worsening of prognosis. Unfortunately, the dynamics of the fibrotic focus formation and resolution remains understudied.

[Ototoxicity caused by anti-epileptic drugs].

According to the literature, a number of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have an ototoxic effect. The mechanism of hearing dysfunction due to the use of AEDs is not well known. The main clinical manifestations of the cochleotoxic effect of the drugs are: tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss, impaired pitch perception, hyperacusis.

[The results of a multicenter open observational study of the efficacy and safety of the dietary supplement Neururidine N in patients with acute nonspecific lower back pain in daily outpatient practice (the NEURO-N study)].

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of the use of high (200 mg) doses of uridine monophosphate in combination with choline (dietary supplement, dietary supplement, Neururidine N) in the treatment of patients with nonspecific back pain.

Material And Methods: An open observational study was conducted, which included 101 patients with acute PB; group 1 included 65 patients who received Neurouridine N (1 caps/day) meloxicam (7.5-15 mg/day) and meloxicam (7.

[Localization features of FAP-positive activated stromal cells in fibrosis in patients with new coronavirus infection COVID-19].

Objective: To evaluate the representation and localization of FAP-positive activated stromal cells depending on the severity of fibrotic changes in tissues of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.

Material And Methods: 20 autopsy observations of patients who died from COVID-19 were studied. Immunohistochemical studies were performed using antibodies to CD90, FAP and aSMA and a dual imaging system.

Rationally designed laterally-condensed-catalysts deliver robust activity and selectivity for ethylene production in acetylene hydrogenation.

Future carbon management strategies require storage in elemental form, achievable through a sequence of CO hydrogenation reactions. Hydrogen is recycled from molecular intermediates by dehydrogenation, and side product acetylene selectively hydrogenated to ethylene. Existing Pd alloy catalysts for gas purification underperform in concentrated feeds, necessitating novel concepts.

Modeling the profibrotic microenvironment in vitro: Model validation.

Establishing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of fibrosis requires the development of validated and reproducible models. The complexity of in vivo models challenges the monitoring of an individual cell fate, in some cases making it impossible. However, the set of factors affecting cells in vitro culture systems differ significantly from in vivo conditions, insufficiently reproducing living systems.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells alleviate early-stage pulmonary fibrosis in a uPAR-dependent manner.

Pulmonary fibrosis, a debilitating lung disorder characterised by excessive fibrous tissue accumulation in lung parenchyma, compromises respiratory function leading to a life-threatening respiratory failure. While its origins are multifaceted and poorly understood, the urokinase system, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), plays a significant role in regulating fibrotic response, extracellular matrix remodelling, and tissue repair. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise in regenerative medicine for treating pulmonary fibrosis.

Unveiling Key Interface Characteristics of Ni/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Solid Oxide Cell Electrodes in HO Electroreduction Using Operando X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

Nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composites are the most commonly used fuel electrodes for solid oxide cells. While microstructural changes of Ni/YSZ during operational conditions have been thoroughly investigated, there is limited knowledge regarding Ni/YSZ surface chemistry under working conditions. In this study, we examine the interaction between Ni/YSZ electrodes and water vapor under open circuit and polarization conditions, utilizing near ambient pressure soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies.

[EEG changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease].

The prevalence of cognitive impairment is steadily increasing compared to previous years. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia will increase reaching 82 million in 2030 and 152 million in 2050. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Importance of Metal-Support Interactions for CO Hydrogenation: An Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Gold-Loaded InO and CeO Catalysts.

Metal-support interactions, which are essential for the design of supported metal catalysts, used, e.g., for CO activation, are still only partially understood.

Age-Dependent Changes in the Production of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Skeletal Muscle.

A decrease in muscle mass and its functionality (strength, endurance, and insulin sensitivity) is one of the integral signs of aging. One of the triggers of aging is an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Our study was the first to examine age-dependent changes in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species related to a decrease in the proportion of mitochondria-associated hexokinase-2 in human skeletal muscle.

Elucidating the Complex Oxidation Behavior of Aqueous HPO on Pt Electrodes via Tender X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy at the P -Edge.

tender X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the P -edge was utilized to investigate the oxidation mechanism of aqueous HPO on Pt electrodes under various conditions relevant to high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) applications. XANES and electrochemical analysis were conducted under different tender X-ray irradiation doses, revealing that intense radiation induces the oxidation of aqueous HPO via HO yielding HPO and H. A broadly applicable experimental procedure was successfully developed to suppress these undesirable radiation-induced effects, enabling a more accurate determination of the aqueous HPO oxidation mechanism.

Novel Immortalized Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Line for Studying Hormonal Signaling.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) integrate hormone and neuromediator signaling to coordinate tissue homeostasis, tissue renewal and regeneration. To facilitate the investigation of MSC biology, stable immortalized cell lines are created (e.g.

Age-related changes in human skeletal muscle transcriptome and proteome are more affected by chronic inflammation and physical inactivity than primary aging.

Evaluation of the influence of primary and secondary aging on the manifestation of molecular and cellular hallmarks of aging is a challenging and currently unresolved issue. Our study represents the first demonstration of the distinct role of primary aging and chronic inflammation/physical inactivity - the most important drivers of secondary aging, in the regulation of transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in human skeletal muscle. To achieve this purpose, young healthy people (n = 15), young (n = 8) and older (n = 37) patients with knee/hip osteoarthritis, a model to study the effect of long-term inactivity and chronic inflammation on the vastus lateralis muscle, were included in the study.

Origin of the Magnetic Exciton in the van der Waals Antiferromagnet NiPS_{3}.

An ultrasharp photoluminescence line intimately related to antiferromagnetic order has been found in NiPS_{3}, a correlated van der Waals material, opening prospects for magneto-optical coupling schemes and spintronic applications. Here we unambiguously clarify the singlet origin of this excitation, confirming its roots in the spin structure. Based on a comprehensive investigation of the electronic structure using angle-resolved photoemission and q-dependent electron energy loss spectroscopy as experimental tools we develop, in a first step, an adequate theoretical understanding using density functional theory (DFT).

Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPα) in Fibrosis: Beyond a Perspective Marker for Activated Stromal Cells?

The development of tissue fibrosis is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple cell types, which makes the search for antifibrotic agents rather challenging. So far, myofibroblasts have been considered the key cell type that mediated the development of fibrosis and thus was the main target for therapy. However, current strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast function or eliminating them fail to demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in clinical practice.

Direct Evidence of Dynamic Metal Support Interactions in Co/TiO Catalysts by Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

The interaction between metal particles and the oxide support, the so-called metal-support interaction, plays a critical role in the performance of heterogenous catalysts. Probing the dynamic evolution of these interactions under reactive gas atmospheres is crucial to comprehending the structure-performance relationship and eventually designing new catalysts with enhanced properties. Cobalt supported on TiO (Co/TiO) is an industrially relevant catalyst applied in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Advances and Obstacles in Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Non-Coding RNA Gene Knockout in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

Non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) genes have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their widespread involvement in physiological and pathological processes and regulatory networks. The study of the function and molecular partners of ncRNAs opens up opportunities for the early diagnosis and treatment of previously incurable diseases. However, the classical "loss-of-function" approach in ncRNA function analysis is challenged due to some specific issues.

Extracellular matrix-induced signaling pathways in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial component of the stem cell microenvironment, or stem-cell niches, and contributes to the regulation of cell behavior and fate. Accumulating evidence indicates that different types of stem cells possess a large variety of molecules responsible for interactions with the ECM, mediating specific epigenetic rearrangements and corresponding changes in transcriptome profile. Signals from the ECM are crucial at all stages of ontogenesis, including embryonic and postnatal development, as well as tissue renewal and repair.

The Secretome of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Treating Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The First Step to Bedside.

Intracerebral hemorrhage is an unmet medical need that often leads to the disability and death of a patient. The lack of effective treatments for intracerebral hemorrhage makes it necessary to look for them. Previously, in our proof-of-concept study (Karagyaur M et al.

MICROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPLICATIONS OF DENTAL IMPLANTATION.

Objective: The aim: To describe microbiological features of the Staphylococcus spp. involved in complications of dental implantation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The main method was bacteriological.

Potency Assays for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome-Based Products for Tissue Regeneration.

Adult stem cells maintaining tissue homeostasis and regeneration are tightly regulated by their specific microenvironments or stem cell niches. The dysfunction of niche components may alter the activity of stem cells and ultimately lead to intractable chronic or acute disorders. To overcome this dysfunction, niche-targeting regenerative medicine treatments such as gene, cell, and tissue therapy are actively investigated.