Central nervous system tumours in children in Ibadan, Nigeria: a histopathologic study.

Introduction: Contrary to some earlier teachings that central nervous system (CNS) tumours are uncommon in black children, these neoplasms are the fourth most common paediatric tumours in Ibadan. Our centre is the major referral centre for CNS tumours in Nigeria. The last major study of paediatric CNS neoplasms from Ibadan was in 1985.

Clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria, 2000-2011.

Aim: The most recent study on the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma from the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, was done in 2000. The aim of this study is to update the knowledge on the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma diagnosed in the Pathology Department of the UCH Ibadan between 2000 and 2011.

Materials And Methods: This was a 12-year retrospective review of clinical and demographic data and the histopathological features of gastric cancers diagnosed at the Pathology Department of the UCH.

Intrarenal teratoma: report of two cases seen in a 31-year retrospective study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Unlabelled: Germ cell neoplasms which have the potentials of differentiating along somatic cell lines are regarded as teratomas. They are mature teratomas when tissues are fully differentiated and immature teratomas when primitive or immature tissue elements are present. In this retrospective study, we analyzed all the renal biopsies submitted to the Department of Pathology of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, South-West Nigeria over a thirty one year period (1981-2011).

Analysis of serum and salivary immunoglobulin M in patients with orofacial epithelial cancers.

Context: The physiological changes in the humoral immune system of patients with orofacial epithelial cancers (OECs) are considered key factors in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and management of these individuals.

Aim: This study assessed the serum and salivary immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in patients with OECs.

Settings And Designs: This is a cross-sectional study of the serum and salivary IgM profile among patients with OEC and healthy controls.

Association between langerhans cells population and histological grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Context: Langerhans cells (LCs) are a unique population of antigen processing cells in the epidermis and mucous membrane, which may play a role in the defence mechanism against epithelial tumors.

Aims: To compare the distribution of LCs in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and normal oral epithelium; and to determine whether the population of LCs in OSCC has any correlation with histological grading of these malignancies.

Settings And Design: A cross-sectional immunohistochemical analysis of OSCC cases.

Apparent Rarity of Asymptomatic Herpes Cervicitis in a Woman with Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device.

Infection with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) remains a common viral sexually transmitted disease, often subclinical and a major worldwide problem of women of reproductive age group. Herpes cervicitis is an unusual presentation of Herpes simplex virus infection in females. The finding of herpes cervicitis on routine pap smear of an asymptomatic woman on Intrauterine contraceptive device still further supports the need for increased awareness on the possibility of Herpes simplex virus infection among women, particularly those on Intrauterine contraceptive device.

Prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in extra cranial carotid arteries in Nigeria: an autopsy study.

Background: There has been a paucity of autopsy studies on atherosclerotic lesions in Nigerians, the last one conducted at our centre being more than four decades ago. There has also been considerable epidemiological transition. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency, severity, pattern and distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in extra cranial carotid arteries (ECCA) in Nigerians at autopsy.

Orbital intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia in a Nigerian child: a case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a reactive proliferative lesion of endothelial cells in blood vessels. It typically presents as a painless, reddish purple lesion in the sites affected. The orbit remains an uncommon site of affectation of this relatively common disease.

Body fat distribution and breast cancer risk: findings from the Nigerian breast cancer study.

Purpose: The relationship between overall obesity and breast cancer risk has been well recognized, but the role of central obesity in breast cancer development is uncertain.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, 1,233 invasive breast cancer cases and 1,101 community controls were recruited into the Nigerian Breast Cancer Study at Ibadan, Nigeria. Logistic regressions were used to calculate multivariate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and other known risk factors for breast cancer.

Cerebral pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma associated with NF1: an updated review with a rare atypical case from Africa.

The occurrence of cerebral pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is very rare. We present a 10-year-old Nigerian boy with NF1 who was found to harbor a thalamic-lateral ventricular solid mass lesion whose histologic and immunohistochemical findings were in keeping with PXA. We also carried out an updated review of the PXA-NF1 literature and found only eight previous reports of this clinical disease association.

A fifteen-year review of lymphomas in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare centre.

In Africa, epidemiological data on the effect of the HIV epidemic on the occurrence of lymphomas are scanty. The 1990s witnessed the alarming rates of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria increased from 1.

Lymphomas in sub-Saharan Africa--what can we learn and how can we help in improving diagnosis, managing patients and fostering translational research?

Approximately 30 000 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occur in the equatorial belt of Africa each year. Apart from the fact that Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is very common among children and adolescents in Africa and that an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently ongoing in this part of the world, very little is known about lymphomas in Africa. This review provides information regarding the current infrastructure for diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa.

Clinico-pathological profile of head and neck malignancies at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction: This retrospective study analysed head and neck malignancies seen over a 19-year period at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.

Methodology: One thousand, one hundred and ninety two patients with head and neck malignancies were analysed according to age, gender, topography and histology.

Results: There was an annual hospital frequency of 62 cases per year.

Diagnostic dilemma; report of a bizarre case of advanced scalp and face angiosarcoma and literature review.

A 36-year-old male painter presented to our service in 2007 with an ulcerated solitary scalp swelling of 8 months' duration. The mass was a dormant, painless, pea-sized growth, which he had had since childhood and which he bruised in a passenger motorcycle road traffic accident 8 months prior to presentation. The accident caused it to flare up and progressively increase in size, with associated pain, contact bleeding, and ulceration.

Immunohistochemical analysis of undifferentiated and poorly-differentiated head and neck malignancies at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

This is a retrospective analysis of poorly-differentiated head and neck malignancies at University College Hospital, Ibadan. Eighty-six poorly-differentiated neoplasms were categorized as carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas or neuroendocrine cancers with a panel of 7 antibodies (cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, desmin, myogenin, leukocyte common antigen and neuron-specific enolase). Immunohistochemical and original hematoxylin-eosin diagnoses were contrasted.

Case-control study of body size and breast cancer risk in Nigerian women.

Previous studies have shown that weight is inversely associated with premenopausal breast cancer and positively associated with postmenopausal disease. Height has been shown to be positively correlated with breast cancer risk, but the association was not conclusive for premenopausal women. These previous studies were conducted primarily in Western countries, where height is not limited by nutritional status during childhood.

Intraepithelial and invasive squamous neoplasms of the conjunctiva in Ibadan, Nigeria: a clinicopathological study of 46 cases.

Background/aims: To retrospectively evaluate the clinicopathological features, treatment modalities and factors affecting prognosis in patients with both conjunctival intraepithelial and invasive squamous neoplasms.

Method: Review and analysis of clinical and pathological records of all cases histologically diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 1990 and December 2004.

Results: There were a total of 46 cases in 45 patients (eight intraepithelial carcinomas, 37 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and a single case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 71-year-old man).

Head and neck cancer--a clinicopathological study in a tertiary care center.

Head and neck cancers display diverse patterns of biological behavior and considerable variation in geographical distribution. This study presents an analysis of head and neck cancer in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare center. It comprises cases diagnosed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 1991-2005.

Amyloid angiopathy of the floor of the mouth: a case report and review of the literature.

Amyloidosis is a rare disease characterised by the deposition of insoluble extracellular fibrillar proteins in various tissues of the body. The pattern of manifestation is organ dependent and also on whether the disease is localised or systemic, primary or secondary.Though the disease is usually fatal with a 5-year survival rate of 20%, there is still paucity of literature on this disease entity worldwide.

Genetic polymorphisms in uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and breast cancer risk in Africans.

The UDP-glucuronosylatransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene is involved in the metabolism of estrogen and detoxification of potential carcinogens. The number of TA repeats in the promoter region of UGT1A1 has been linked to breast cancer risk, but results varied by race. We performed a comprehensive assessment of genetic polymorphisms in the UGT1A1 gene, and examined these polymorphisms and TA repeats in relation to breast cancer risk in a case-control study in Nigeria.

Immunohistochemical and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in Nigeria.

Objective: Previous studies suggest that the majority of breast cancer in Africans are hormone receptor negative and thus differ from breast cancer in other populations. We decided to evaluate the hormone receptor status of patients seen in our practice to see if they indeed differ from that of other populations.

Methods: We prospectively collected and analyzed tumors from consecutive patients presenting to our clinic over an 18 months period from July 2004.

Cavernous lymphangioma of the breast.

Background: Cavernous lymphangioma is a rare lesion in the breast of adults. Only a few cases have been documented in literature.

Case Presentation: We describe a 38-year-old woman who presented with a palpable breast lump, which measured 5 x 4 cm.

Nasal septal teratoma in a child.

Background: Teratoma is a rare developmental neoplasm that arises from totipotential tumor stem cells. Head and neck teratomas constitute about 10% of all cases. Only two cases of mature teratoma of the nasal septum have previously been documented in the world literature.

Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast.

Background: Primary extra-osseous osteogenic sarcomas have been reported in many tissues of the body but their occurrence in the breast is extremely rare. It can arise as a result of osseous metaplasia in a pre-existing benign or malignant neoplasm of the breast or as non-phylloides sarcoma from the soft tissue of a previously normal breast.

Case Presentation: A 40 year-old Nigerian woman was clinically diagnosed to have carcinoma of the left breast.

A study of the utility of silver nucleolar organizer regions in categorization and prognosis of salivary gland tumors.

Background: this study aimed at assessing the utility of silver nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining in categorization and prognostication of salivary gland tumors.

Methods: Twenty-seven malignant salivary gland tumors, 16 benign neoplasms, and 6 chronic sialadenitis lesions were stained using the technique described by Ploton et al. (1986).