Etiologic subtypes of first and recurrent ischemic stroke in young patients using A-S-C-O and TOAST classification criteria: A retrospective follow-up study.

Introduction: Scarce data exist on the etiology of recurrent ischemic strokes (ISs) among young adults. We analyzed the etiology of first-ever and recurrent events and the differences between them.

Patients And Methods: Patients aged 15-49 years with a first-ever IS in 1994-2007 were included in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry.

Vaccine Responses in Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine responses in 6-year-old children with cCMV and controls. Protective antibody levels and geometric mean concentrations did not differ significantly between the study groups.

Long-term outcome of vestibular function and hearing in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is the most frequent nonhereditary cause for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. Data on vestibular function in children with cCMV are, however, scarce, although some evidence for cCMV-associated vestibular dysfunction exists. In this prospective cohort study, we evaluated long-term vestibular function and hearing outcomes in a cohort of children with cCMV.