Intermittent Tiotropium Bromide for Episodic Wheezing: A Randomized Trial.

Background And Objectives: Options to treat and prevent episodic wheezing in children are scarce. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of intermittent tiotropium bromide treatment in early childhood episodic wheezing.

Methods: This 48-week, randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted at 4 hospitals in Finland.

Out-of-Hospital Seizures in Children: A Population-Based Study.

Objectives: Seizures seem to represent a frequent cause for pediatric emergency medical (EM) and emergency room (ER) contacts, but few population-based data are available. Our aim was to study the incidence, prehospital and ER treatment, and outcomes of pediatric seizures necessitating out-of-hospital care.

Methods: We studied the out-of-hospital evaluation procedures, ER treatment, diagnostics and 2-year prognosis of all cases of pediatric (0-16 years) seizures encountered by the emergency medical services (EMS) in Helsinki, Finland, in 2012 (population 603,968, pediatric population 92,742); 251 patients were encountered by the EMS, of which 220 seen at the ER.

Outcomes in children evaluated but not transported by ambulance personnel: retrospective cohort study.

Background: Not all children with an out-of-hospital emergency medical contact are transported by ambulance to the emergency department (ED). Non-transport means that after on-scene evaluation and possible treatment, ambulance personnel may advise the patient to monitor the situation at home or may refer the patient to seek medical attention by other means of transport. As selecting the right patients for ambulance transport is critical for optimising patient safety and resource use, we studied outcomes in non-transported children to identify possible risk groups that could benefit from ambulance transport.

Children in disadvantaged neighbourhoods have more out-of-hospital emergencies: a population-based study.

Objective: We wanted to study whether the socioeconomic status of a neighbourhood can predict the incidence of paediatric out-of-hospital emergencies.

Methods: We conducted a population-based prospective study with all paediatric (0-15 years) out-of-hospital emergencies in Helsinki, Finland, in 2012-2013. We compared the geographical distribution of the emergencies in the paediatric population with those of mean income, unemployment level and educational level.

Maternal preeclampsia predicts elevated blood pressure in 12-year-old children: evaluation by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring offers a reliable method for determining blood pressure (BP) in children. The aim of this cohort study was to examine whether maternal preeclampsia is associated with elevated BP in an offspring. The study population consisted of 57 children born to preeclamptic mothers (PRE) and their 57 age- and sex-matched control subjects born to normotensive mothers (non-PRE).

Blood pressure, serum lipids, fasting insulin, and adrenal hormones in 12-year-old children born with maternal preeclampsia.

Women with prior preeclamptic pregnancies have an increased risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Maternal preeclampsia has been associated with elevated blood pressure (BP) in offspring during childhood. The aim of our study was to determine whether elevated BP pressure and metabolic changes, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and increased adrenal hormonal activity, are found in 12-yr-old children of preeclamptic mothers.

Increased adrenocortical and adrenomedullary hormonal activity in 12-year-old children born small for gestational age.

Objectives: To determine whether adrenal hormonal activity is altered in children born small for gestational age (SGA), and whether concentrations of adrenal hormones relate to those of serum lipids or to anthropometric measures.

Study Design: We studied 55 SGA children and 55 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children at the age of 12 years in a case-control setting. The concentrations of fasting serum cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), plasma epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were analyzed.

Ambulatory blood pressure in 12-year-old children born small for gestational age.

An association between low birth weight and subsequent elevated blood pressure has been demonstrated in a large number of studies, but the number of subjects born small for gestational age in these studies has been negligible. The inverse relationship between birth weight and blood pressure in children has been evaluated previously with an ambulatory blood pressure device, but only in children with normal birth weights. In this prospective case-control study from birth to the age of 12, we evaluated the ambulatory blood pressures in 50 children born at term but small for gestational age and in 50 full-term children born appropriate for gestational age.