Range of Motion Limitations in Middle-aged Adults With Cerebral Palsy.

Objective: To describe limitations in range of motion (ROM) in middle-aged adults with cerebral palsy (CP), and identify associations with CP subtype, gross motor function, sex and age.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Setting: Local and regional referral centers.

Single-leg vertical jumping in young adults with spastic cerebral palsy.

Background: Maximum-strength tests are commonly used to detect muscle weakness in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Tests of explosive strength (power) in the lower extremities, such as vertical jump tests, are more uncommon but might supplement maximum-strength testing by providing additional information about motor function.

Research Question: Is it feasible and useful to measure single-leg vertical jumping in young adults with CP?

Methods: Eleven persons with spastic CP (18-30 years), able to walk without support, were compared with a reference group.

Follow-up of brace-treated scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy and spina bifida.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe brace use, progression of scoliosis, and surgery in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and spina bifida (SB) who were initially treated with a brace.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively analysed for brace compliance, treatment complications, curve size measurements with and without the brace at both start and at follow-up, and number of patients undergoing spine surgery.

Results: Sixty-eight children were included (CP 47, SB 21), 37 of whom were girls, with a mean age at start of treatment of 11.

Objective measurement of sitting - Application in children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) and a severe motor impairment, have limited ability to perform volitional movements due to spasticity, involuntary postures and movements and reduced ability to maintain antigravity head and trunk control. A stable sitting position is a prerequisite for participation in daily life, but there is a lack of objective measurement methods for this population.

Research Question: Is it feasible to measure a stable sitting position with pressure mapping and 2D motion analysis, and can it detect differences to a) a reference group, b) between subgroups of CP and c) before and after treatment with intrathecal baclofen (ITB)?

Methods: Pressure mapping, and a 2D motion analysis system, were used to capture movements of centre of pressure (CoP), and movements of head, hand and leg, sitting on a bench for 90 s.

Health Conditions in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: The Association With CP Subtype and Severity of Impairments.

To determine the prevalence of common health conditions in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and to identify associations with the CP subtype or the severity of impairments. A population-based, cross-sectional study of 153 adults with CP born from 1959 to 1978 (87 males, 66 females; median age 48 years 3 months, range 37-58 years; 41% with unilateral spastic, 36% bilateral spastic, 19% dyskinetic, and 4% with ataxic CP). Data was gathered through interviews, physical assessments, and medical record reviews.

Changes in walking ability, intellectual disability, and epilepsy in adults with cerebral palsy over 50 years: a population-based follow-up study.

Aim: To determine if walking ability and presence of intellectual disability and epilepsy change from childhood to 50 years of age in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), and if such changes are related to age, sex, or CP subtype.

Method: This was a population-based follow-up study of 142 adults born from 1959 to 1978 (82 males, 60 females; mean age 48y 4mo, range 37-58y; 44% unilateral, 35% bilateral, 17% dyskinetic, and 4% ataxic CP) listed in the CP register of western Sweden. We compared childhood data with a follow-up assessment in 2016.

Arm Muscle Strength in Children with Bilateral Spastic CP.

Aims: To assess arm-muscle strength related to motor function in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, 5-15 years old.

Methods: Muscle strength was measured for shoulder abductors, elbow extensors and flexors, wrist extensors, and grip strength. The children were grouped according to the Manual Ability Classification Scale (MACS).

Cerebral palsy prevalence, subtypes, and associated impairments: a population-based comparison study of adults and children.

Aim: To describe the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP), subtype distribution, motor and intellectual impairment, and epilepsy in adults with CP compared with children with CP.

Method: CP subtype and impairment data from the population-based CP register of western Sweden and population data from Statistics Sweden were used to compare surviving adults (n=581; 244 females, 337 males) born between 1959 and 1978, with the same cohort as children (n=723; 307 females, 416 males), and with the most recent cohort, born from 2007 to 2010 (n=205; 84 females, 121 males).

Results: Prevalence of CP in adults born between 1959 and 1978 was 1.

The effect of spinal bracing on sitting function in children with neuromuscular scoliosis.

Background:: Scoliosis is common in children with neuromuscular deficits. It is often associated with an asymmetric sitting position and with poor balance. Many children with neuromuscular scoliosis spend most of their day sitting.

Intrathecal baclofen in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: effects on function and activity.

Aim: To investigate the effect of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) on function and activity in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: A retrospective cohort study of records from 25 children (15 males, 10 females; mean age 10y 11mo, SD 4y 9mo). Five were classified in Gross Motor Function Classification level IV and 20 in level V.

Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole.

Unlabelled: The gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy (CP) often differs from normal, with slow velocity, problem with foot clearance and increased stress on joints. Several factors, such as muscle tone, impaired motor control, muscle contractures, skeletal deformities and leg length discrepancy affect gait. Leg length discrepancy can be treated surgically or with elevation of the shoe on the short leg.

No Decrease in Muscle Strength after Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Spasticity and muscle weakness is common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Spasticity can be treated with botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A), but this drug has also been reported to induce muscle weakness. Our purpose was to describe the effect on muscle strength in the lower extremities after BoNT-A injections in children with CP.

Effect of Knee Orthoses on Hamstring Contracture in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Multiple Single-Subject Study.

Purpose: To examine the effect of knee orthoses on extensibility of the hamstrings in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: The short-term effects of knee orthoses on passive range of motion (ROM), spasticity, and gross motor function of the hamstrings. Ten children with spastic CP, aged 5 to 14 years, at Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I to V, were followed.

Muscle strength, physical fitness and well-being in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the effect of an exercise programme: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Decreased muscle strength, fitness and well-being are common in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to healthy peers. Biological drugs have improved health in children with JIA, but despite this pain is still a major symptom and bone health is reported as decreased in the group. The improvement made by the biological drugs makes it possible to more demanding exercises.

Characteristics associated with improved knee extension after strength training for individuals with cerebral palsy and crouch gait.

Muscle weakness may contribute to crouch gait in individuals with cerebral palsy, and some individuals participate in strength training programs to improve crouch gait. Unfortunately, improvements in muscle strength and gait are inconsistent after completing strength training programs. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in knee extensor strength and knee extension angle during walking after strength training in individuals with cerebral palsy who walk in crouch gait and to determine subject characteristics associated with these changes.

Muscle strength and kinetic gait pattern in children with bilateral spastic CP.

Cerebral palsy is often associated with an abnormal gait pattern. This study put focus on relation between muscle strength and kinetic gait pattern in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy and compares them with a reference group. In total 20 children with CP and 20 typically developing children participated.

Everyday technology and 86-year-old individuals in Sweden.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate everyday technology use in the homes of 86-year-old individuals in Sweden regarding usage, benefits or perceived problems and to study their perception of technical development and its influence on everyday life.

Method: The design was both quantitative and qualitative. An interview was conducted during a home visit by an occupational therapist, using a questionnaire with items that included demographics and everyday technology.

Muscle strength training to improve gait function in children with cerebral palsy.

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of muscle strength training on gait outcomes in children with cerebral palsy. Sixteen children (two females, 14 males, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I-II, mean age 12y 6mo, range 9y 4mo-15y 4mo) underwent muscle strength measurement using a handheld device, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) assessment, three-dimensional gait analysis, joint range of motion assessment, and grading of spasticity before and after 8 weeks of training. All participants had a diagnosis of spastic diplegia and could walk without aids.

Walking ability is related to muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between muscle strength and walking ability in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy at GMFCS levels I-III. 55 children (mean age 10.7, range 5-15) were tested for muscle strength in eight lower limb muscle groups with a handheld myometer.

Dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a population-based study of children born between 1991 and 1998.

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical findings in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP)in a population-based follow-up study of children born between 1991 and 1998. Age range at ascertainment was 4 to 8 years and prevalence was 0.27 per 1000 live-births.

Isometric muscle torque in children 5 to 15 years of age: normative data.

Objective: To establish reference values of arm and leg muscle strength as measured by isometric torque production in healthy children.

Design: Measurement of isometric muscle strength in healthy children.

Setting: Public school.

Factors at resuscitation and outcome among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in relation to age.

Aim: To describe various factors at resuscitation and outcome among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in relation to age.

Patients: All patients included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry during the period 1990-1999. The registry covers about 60% of all ambulance organisations in Sweden.

Characteristics and outcome among patients having out of hospital cardiac arrest at home compared with elsewhere.

Objective: To describe the characteristics and outcome of patients who have a cardiac arrest at home compared with elsewhere out of hospital.

Patients: Subjects were patients included in the Swedish cardiac arrest registry between 1990 and 1999. The registry covers about 60% of all ambulance organisations in Sweden.

Diurnal, weekly and seasonal rhythm of out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden.

Aim: To describe the diurnal, weekly and seasonal rhythm among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden.

Methods: All patients in Sweden between 1990 and 1999 participating in a National Registry covering 65% of all patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest where cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was attempted. Only patients with a cardiac arrest of a cardiac aetiology and aged > 18 years were included in the survey.

Amantadine treatment of a patient with anoxic brain injury.

An 18-year-old boy with anoxic brain injury, suffering from severe psychomotor inhibition, tetrarigidity and dystonia, was treated with amantadine in order to ameliorate his symptoms. Neuropsychological tests showed improvement in motor and cognitive functions.