A retrospective observational study assessing mortality after pelvic trauma embolisation.

Introduction: Trauma to the pelvic ring and associated haemorrhage represent a management challenge for the multidisciplinary trauma team. In up to 10% of patients, bleeding can be the result of an arterial injury and mortality is reported as high as 89% in this cohort. We aimed to assess the mortality rate after pelvic trauma embolisation and whether earlier embolisation improved mortality.

A systematic review assessing incorporation of prophylactic splenic artery embolisation (pSAE) into trauma guidelines for the management of high-grade splenic injury.

Background: Splenic artery embolisation (SAE) has become a vital strategy in the modern landscape of multidisciplinary trauma care, improving splenic salvage rates in patients with high-grade injury. However, due to a lack of prospective data there remains contention amongst stakeholders as to whether SAE should be performed at the time of presentation (prophylactic or pSAE), or whether patients should be observed, and SAE only used only if a patient re-bleeds. This systematic review aimed to assess published practice management guidelines which recommend pSAE, stratified according to their quality.

A retrospective cohort study assessing the incidence of inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion following prophylactic IVC filter insertion: Is anticoagulation necessary during filter dwell?

Background: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters play a role in preventing venous thromboembolism after major trauma where deep venous thrombosis (DVT) risk is up to 80%. It has been suggested that IVC filters are thrombogenic and many patients are therefore placed on therapeutic anticoagulation during IVC filter dwell citing concern of in situ IVC thrombosis, even in the absence of existing DVT.

Methods: Between 1 June 2018 and 31 December 2021, this retrospective study assessed the incidence of IVC thrombosis following prophylactic IVC filter insertion.

Right atrial appendage rupture and cardiac tamponade secondary to blunt trauma.

Background: Right atrial appendage rupture from blunt trauma is exceedingly rare, even more so when no other chest wall injuries are found. Very few cases have been documented with respect to survival from such an injury.

Purpose: To highlight the optimal management of such cases, namely through timely and safe transport to a trauma centre, maintaining a high degree of clinical suspicion for tamponade, early diagnostic ultrasound use, pericardial decompression, haemorrhage control and situational control.

Management of bile leak following blunt liver injury: a proposed guideline.

Background: Bile leak following blunt liver trauma is uncommon. Management is difficult due to complex vasculo-biliary and liver parenchymal injury and lack of consensus on optimal care compared with bile leak following elective hepatectomy especially in regards to endoscopic retrograde pancreaticocholangiography (ERCP) timing and patient selection.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from a level 1-trauma centre of patients with bile leak following blunt liver injury between July 2010 and December 2019 identified from the trauma registry.

A rare case of a closed loop obstruction due to epiploic appendage of the sigmoid colon.

An internal hernia is a protrusion of viscera through a congenital or acquired defect in the mesentery of peritoneum. They account for <0.9% of all small bowel obstructions [1] and ~4% of obstructions due to hernias [2].

Left hepatic trisectionectomy for hepatobiliary malignancies: Its' role and outcomes. A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Left hepatic trisectionectomy (LHT) is a complex hepatic resection; its' role and outcomes in hepatobiliary malignancies remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: All patients undergoing LHT at the tertiary HPB referral unit at RSCH, Guildford, UK from September 1996 to October 2015 were included. Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database.

Follicular thyroid cancer: minimally invasive tumours can give rise to metastases.

Background: The histological characteristics of follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) are important predictors of prognosis, and lesions can be classified as either minimally invasive follicular carcinoma (MIFC) or widely invasive follicular carcinoma (WIFC) based on histopathological characteristics. There has been controversy surrounding the histological classification of FTC, which can present challenges to clinicians attempting to deliver accurate prognostic information to their patients. The aim of the present study was to examine cases of metastatic FTC for characteristics that may predict aggressive tumour behaviour.

Transplantation of bone marrow transduced to express self-antigen establishes deletional tolerance and permanently remits autoimmune disease.

Autoimmune diseases are incurable. We have hypothesized that these diseases can be cured by the transplantation of bone marrow (BM) stem cells that have been genetically engineered to express self-Ag. Here we have tested this hypothesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the self-Ag myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG).

Methylprednisolone induces reversible clinical and pathological remission and loss of lymphocyte reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE, induced by immunisation with myelin-associated autoantigens, is characterised by an inflammatory infiltrate in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with axonal degeneration, demyelination and damage. We have recently shown in an experimental mouse model of autoimmune gastritis that methylprednisolone treatment induces a reversible remission of gastritis with regeneration of the gastric mucosa.

Afferent signals to the CNS appear not to condition the modulation of interleukin-1 receptors in the hippocampus.

Conditioned alteration of natural killer (NK) cell activity was used as an indicator of the functional bidirectional communication between the immune and central nervous systems. Poly I:C and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium were used as unconditioned stimuli and odor of camphor as the conditioned stimulus. An attempt was made to demonstrate the role of central interleukin (IL-1) receptors in this communication process.