T2 mapping of the peritumoral infiltration zone of glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma.

Purpose: To characterise peritumoral zones in glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma evaluating T2 values using T2 mapping sequences.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 41 patients with histopathologically confirmed World Health Organization high grade gliomas and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging examinations were retrospectively identified and enrolled. High grade gliomas were differentiated: (a) by grade, glioblastoma versus anaplastic astrocytoma; and (b) by isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational state, mutated versus wildtype.

Association Between Dispatch of Mobile Stroke Units and Functional Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke in Berlin.

Importance: Effects of thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke are time-dependent. Ambulances that can administer thrombolysis (mobile stroke units [MSUs]) before arriving at the hospital have been shown to reduce time to treatment.

Objective: To determine whether dispatch of MSUs is associated with better clinical outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Obesity and pituitary gland volume - a correlation study using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose: Obesity has become a major health problem and is associated with endocrine disorders and a disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The purpose of this study was to correlate pituitary gland volume determined by routine magnetic resonance imaging with patient characteristics, in particular body mass index and obesity.

Material And Methods: A total of 144 'healthy' patients with normal findings in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively included.

Lumbar puncture rapidly improves olfaction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A cohort study.

Background: A lumbar puncture constitutes an important diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Chronic overflow of cerebrospinal fluid into the sheaths of the olfactory nerves appears to be related to olfactory impairment in these patients. Here, we asked whether cerebrospinal fluid drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients improves olfactory function.

Multivariable non-invasive association of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutational status in World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas with advanced magnetic resonance imaging T2 mapping techniques.

Aim: To investigate multivariable analyses for noninvasive association of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutational status in grade II and III gliomas including evaluation of T2 mapping-sequences.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations with histopathologically proven World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas were retrospectively enrolled. Multivariate receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses to associate IDH mutational status were performed containing quantitative T2 mapping analyses and qualitative characteristics (sex, age, localization, heterogeneity, oedema, necrosis and diameter).

T2 mapping of molecular subtypes of WHO grade II/III gliomas.

Background: According to the new WHO classification from 2016, molecular profiles have shown to provide reliable information about prognosis and treatment response. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the diagnostic potential of non-invasive quantitative T2 mapping in the detection of IDH1/2 mutation status in grade II-III gliomas.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of MR examinations in 30 patients with histopathological proven WHO-grade II (n = 9) and III (n = 21) astrocytomas (18 IDH-mutated, 12 IDH-wildtype).

The effect of CSF drain on the optic nerve in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Elevation of intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension induces an edema of the prelaminar section of the optic nerve (papilledema). Beside the commonly observed optic nerve sheath distention, information on a potential pathology of the retrolaminar section of the optic nerve and the short-term effect of normalization of intracranial pressure on these abnormalities remains scarce.

Methods: In this exploratory study 8 patients diagnosed with idiopathic intracranial hypertension underwent a MRI scan (T2 mapping) as well as a diffusion tensor imaging analysis (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity).

Cross Sectional Imaging of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium.

 Although a wide range of processes along the neurocranium are of a benign nature, there are often difficulties in the differential diagnosis.  In the review CT/MRI scans of the head were evaluated retrospectively regarding solitary lesions along the neurocranium. The majority of the lesions were histologically proven.

Does IIH Alter Brain Microstructures? - A DTI-Based Approach.

Introduction: To investigate the correlation of microstructural parameters with CSF pressure and macroscopic changes assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Methods: Twenty-three patients with IIH as well as age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls underwent high resolution MR imaging of the optic nerve sheaths (ONS), pituitary gland, and ventricles. For DTI data a voxelwise permutation analysis was performed for the whole brain and ROI analysis was performed for the optic nerve and optic radiation.

Reducing radiation dose in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction and lower tube potential in computed tomography.

Objectives: To assess the impact of ASIR (adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction) and lower tube potential on dose reduction and image quality in chest computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) of patients with pulmonary embolism.

Materials And Methods: CT data from 44 patients with pulmonary embolism were acquired using different protocols-Group A: 120 kV, filtered back projection, n = 12; Group B: 120 kV, 40 % ASIR, n = 12; Group C: 100 kV, 40 % ASIR, n = 12 and Group D: 80 kV, 40 % ASIR, n = 8. Normalised effective dose was calculated; image quality was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for cranial lesions: large margins compensate for reduced image guidance frequency.

Background: We investigated patient positioning during radiosurgery of cranial lesions, and calculated clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margins using a modified common margin recipe. We simulated CTV-to-PTV margins for reduced image guidance, and repositioning for the first table angle only.

Patients And Methods: Patients were immobilized with a thermoplastic mask.

Results for local control and functional outcome after linac-based image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery in 190 patients with vestibular schwannoma.

Background: We assessed local control (LC) and functional outcome after linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Methods: Between 1998 and 2008, 190 patients with VS were treated with SRS. All patients had tumors <2 cm diameter.

Low-grade (WHO II) and anaplastic (WHO III) gliomas: differences in morphology and MRI signal intensities.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of a multi-factor analysis of morphometric parameters and signal characteristics of brain tumours and peritumoural areas for distinguishing WHO-grade II and III gliomas at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: MR examinations of 108 patients with histologically proven World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and III gliomas were included. Morphological criteria and MR signal characteristics were evaluated.

Morphometric and volumetric MRI changes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Objective: We aimed at validating established imaging features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) by using state-of-the-art MR imaging together with advanced post-processing techniques and correlated imaging findings to clinical scores.

Methods: Twenty-five IIH patients as well as age-, sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls underwent high-resolution T1w and T2w MR imaging in a 1.5 T scanner, followed by assessment of optic nerve sheaths, pituitary gland, ventricles and Meckel's cave.

Real-time MR-guided lumbosacral periradicular injection therapy using an open 1.0-T MRI system: an outcome study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, safety, and efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR)-guided periradicular nerve root injection therapy using an open 1.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system with fast dynamic imaging.

Materials And Methods: Between April 2008 and November 2011, a total of 249 MR-guided periradicular nerve root injections were performed in 141 patients experiencing lumbosacral radicular pain.

Quantitative imaging of the tissue contrast agent [Gd(DTPA)]²⁻ in articular cartilage by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is an emerging analytical technique in the generation of quantitative images of MR contrast agent distribution in thin tissue sections of articular cartilage. An analytical protocol is described that includes sample preparation by cryo-cutting of tissue sections, mass spectrometric measurements by LA-ICP-MS and quantification of gadolinium images by one-point calibration, standard addition method (employing matrix-matched laboratory standards) and isotope dilution analysis using highly enriched stable Gd-155 isotope (abundance 92 vs 14.8% in the [Gd(DTPA)]²⁻ contrast agent).

Prevalence and patterns of anatomical risk factors in patients after patellar dislocation: a case control study using MRI.

Objective: To assess anatomical risk factors in patients after lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) and controls using MRI.

Methods: MR images of 186 knees after LPD and of 186 age- and gender-matched controls were analysed. The presence of trochlear dysplasia was assessed by evaluation of trochlear inclination, facet asymmetry, and trochlear depth; patella alta was evaluated by the Insall-Salvati index and Caton-Deschamps index; the lateralised force vector was measured by the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance.

Prevalence of cartilage lesions and early osteoarthritis in patients with patellar dislocation.

Objectives: Assessment of cartilage lesions and osteoarthritis (OA) of the patellofemoral joint in patients following lateral patellar dislocation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: MR images of 129 knees (mean age 26 years, range 11-56) grouped as acute (A), recurrent (B), and chronic (C) dislocators were analysed regarding the prevalence and severity of patellofemoral cartilage lesions. Grades of OA were assessed using modified WORMS.

Structural olfactory nerve changes in patients suffering from idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Background: Complications of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are usually caused by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). In a similar way as in the optic nerve, elevated ICP could also compromise the olfactory nerve system. On the other side, there is growing evidence that an extensive lymphatic network system around the olfactory nerves could be disturbed in cerebrospinal fluid disorders like IIH.

In vivo viscoelastic properties of the brain in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Nearly half a century after the first report of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), the pathophysiological cause of the disease still remains unclear. Several theories about the cause and development of NPH emphasize disease-related alterations of the mechanical properties of the brain. MR elastography (MRE) uniquely allows the measurement of viscoelastic constants of the living brain without intervention.

Neuroimaging by 320-row CT: is there a diagnostic benefit or is it just another scanner? A retrospective evaluation of 60 consecutive acute neurological patients.

320-row CT enables dynamic CT angiography (4D CTA) of the entire intracranial circulation and whole-brain perfusion imaging (CTP). Sixty acute patients with neurological symptoms underwent various 320-row CT-specific protocols, including combined 4D CTA and CTP. Clinical and neuroradiological records were assessed for presumptive diagnoses, final diagnoses, supplementary and follow-up imaging studies.

T(2) relaxation time of hyaline cartilage in presence of different gadolinium-based contrast agents.

The transverse relaxation time, T(2), of native cartilage is used to quantify cartilage degradation. T(2) is frequently measured after contrast administration, assuming that the impact of gadolinium-based contrast agents on cartilage T(2) is negligible. To verify this assumption the depth-dependent variation of T(2) in the presence of gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoteridol was investigated.