Bitter Taste Receptor Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: New Data on Polypoid Tissue.

Studies have shown differences in receptor expression in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) compared to healthy controls. Known agonists of stimulate epithelial cells, leading to robust intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production, which damages bacterial membranes, enzymes, and DNA, but also increases ciliary beat frequency. In this study we examined, using qRT-PCR, the expression of receptor in nasal polyps (NP) of patients with CRS (N = 107) and in inferior turbinate mucosa (ITM) of patients with CRS and controls (N = 39), and confronted it with clinical features and the severity of the disease.

G870A Polymorphic Variants of Gene and Cyclin D1 Protein Expression as Prognostic Markers in Laryngeal Lesions.

CCND1 gene encodes Cyclin D1 protein, the alternations and overexpression of which are commonly observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 controls G1-S transition in the cell cycle. The aim of the study was to assess utility of the genotyping and protein expression in predicting the susceptibility of transformation from normal tissue to precancerous laryngeal lesions (PLLs) and finally to laryngeal cancer (LC).

Detection of Gene Mutation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Droplet Digital PCR and RT-qPCR.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are the seventh cause of human malignancy with low survival rate due to late diagnosis and treatment. Its etiology is diverse; however genetic factors are significant. The most common mutations in HNSCC were found in the genes: (10-12%), (6%), and (7-9%).

Expression profile of microRNAs (106b-3p, 130b-3, 145-3p, 199a-5p) in urine and serum samples from patients with the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, single stranded, non-coding RNAs that play an important role in controlling gene expression at the posttranscriptional stage. There is no bladder cancer marker that has been approved as an alternative for diagnostic cystoscopy and urine cytology so far, thus research for alternative, more sensitive, and less invasive methods of bladder cancer detection are being made.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the relative expression levels of miRNAs in patients with bladder cancer.

Clinical value of microRNA-19a-3p and microRNA-99a-5p in bladder cancer.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small (approximately 17 to 25 nucleotides in length), single stranded, non-coding RNAs that play an important role in the control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional stage, by inhibiting protein translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the tested markers (miRNAs 19a-3p and 99a-5p), which might be important in the diagnostics of non-invasive bladder cancer (BC).

Material And Methods: The study involved a group of 60 patients suffering from BC (histopathologically confirmed), in which 20 patients were diagnosed with muscle invasive BC (INBC) and 40 patients with non-muscle invasive BC (NINBC).

MicroRNAs Which Can Prognosticate Aggressiveness of Bladder Cancer.

Bladder cancer (BC) is still characterized by a very high death rate in patients with this disease. One of the reasons for this is the lack of adequate markers which could help determine the biological potential of the tumor to develop into its invasive stage. It has been found that some microRNAs (miRNAs) correlate with disease progression.

Usefulness of droplet digital PCR and Sanger sequencing for detection of FGFR3 mutation in bladder cancer.

Objective: The purpose of our research was to determine the usefulness of different methods for detecting Y373C mutation of gene FGFR3.

Patients And Methods Total: 138 primary bladder cancer patients (71cases G1 and 67 cases G2-G3) were included in the study. Tumor tissue and urine samples were collected and kept frozen until the isolation of DNA.

Urine miRNA as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer detection - a meta-analysis.

Introduction: White light cystoscopy (WLC), often supported by urine cytology, is considered the 'goldstandard' in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer (BCa). In recent years, urine microRNA (miRNA) tests have been performed for the detection of bladder cancer.

Material And Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed platform was performed by searching for articles in which miRNA in the urine was used for the detection of BCa.

Detection of bladder cancer in urine sediments by a hypermethylation panel of selected tumor suppressor genes.

Background: Promoter hypermethylation can be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognosis of bladder cancer, monitoring response to treatment and complement classical diagnostic procedures.

Objective: The molecular test was performed on DNA from bladder cancer cells in voided urine samples, tumor tissue DNA and normal control DNAs. We aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of epigenetic changes in urine DNA from bladder cancer cases at various clinico-pathological stages of the disease.

Identification of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs in bladder cancer.

Purpose: Loss of epigenetic gene regulation through altered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression seems important in human cancer. LncRNAs have diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and offer insights into the biology disease, but little is known of their expression in urothelial cancer. Here, we identify differentially expressed lncRNAs with potential regulatory functions in urothelial cancer.

Molecular subtyping of bladder cancer using Kohonen self-organizing maps.

Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOMs) are unsupervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that are good for low-density data visualization. They easily deal with complex and nonlinear relationships between variables. We evaluated molecular events that characterize high- and low-grade BC pathways in the tumors from 104 patients.

EORTC risk tables - their usefulness in the assessment of recurrence and progression risk in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Polish patients.

Introduction: The assessment of risk of recurrence and progression of bladder cancer (BC) is still rather difficult. We decided to check the rates of the changes mentioned above in the group of the Polish patients after a year-long observation and next to compare them with the results calculated in the European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables.

Methods: The tested group consisted of 91 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).

A novel mutation (c.T3816 > C) in the androgen receptor gene in a 46,XY female patient with androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Introduction: Androgen receptor (AR) gene mutations are the most frequent cause of 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD), and are associated with a variety of phenotypes ranging from phenotypic women (Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or CAIS) to milder degrees of undervirilisation (Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or PAIS) or men with infertility only (Mild Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or MAIS). In this paper, we present the results of clinical, endocrine and molecular trials in a patient hospitalised because of primary amenorrhoea with typical phenotype of CAIS.

Material And Methods: The main objective of this study was to determine the molecular cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome in a 46,XY female patient.

Polymorphic variants of H-RAS protooncogene and their possible role in bladder cancer etiology.

Introduction: H-RAS gene is a protooncogene encoding p21ras, a small protein with GTPase activity. This protein is a component of many signaling cascades, while mutations in H-RAS gene are often found in urinary bladder cancer and leads to continuous transmission of signals stimulating cancer cell growth and proliferation. The T81C polymorphism of H-RAS gene is a SNP, which, although does not seem to impair p21ras protein structure and function, may contribute to the development of bladder cancer.

Differential expression of somatostatin receptor subtype-related genes and proteins in non-functioning and functioning adrenal cortex adenomas.

Adrenocortical adenomas display highly variable expressions of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes, whose expression is mandatory (although not always sufficient) to achieve the positive effects of somatostatin (SST) analog therapy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the main method used to investigate receptor protein expression. The molecular biology method - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - is also often used to investigate receptor expression.

Significance of CDKN2A gene A148T variant in patients with bladder cancer.

Objectives: The A148T polymorphism of CDKN2A gene is observed in various neoplasms with the incidence rate of 3-35%, however, rather little is known either about the frequency of its occurrence or of its significance in urinary bladder carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: DNA was isolated from blood of 156 patients with urinary bladder carcinoma (130 men). In histopathology, 84 cases were classified as G1, 42 as G2, and 30 as G3.

Detection of loss of heterozygosity in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma: neoplastic tissue vs. urine sediment cells.

Introduction: Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is frequently observed in urinary bladder neoplasms. In the reported study, an attempt was undertaken to determine the loss of heterozygosity of TP53(17p13), RB1(13q14), CDKN2A/ ARF(9p21) genes in DNA from neoplastic tissue, collected from patients with diagnosed urinary bladder carcinoma, and to compare the results with those of LOH evaluation in DNA isolated from urine sediment cells.

Material And Methods: After isolation, DNA was amplified (PCR) by means of primers to five polymorphic microsatellite markers, the products being then separated on agarose gel.

Expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in human thyroid tumors: the immunohistochemical and molecular biology (RT-PCR) investigation.

Human endocrine tumors often express the somatostatin receptors SSTR 1-5 with different intensity. It has been widely investigated their distribution in pituitary adenomas, brain tumors, adrenal tumors and neuroendocrine tumors in gastrointestinal tract (NET). Some of studies also concern the expression of SSTRs in thyroid tumors but they are mainly limited to parafollicular C cells - derived medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC).

P53 mutations in urinary bladder cancer patients from Central Poland.

The present study aimed at detection of P53 gene mutations in cells of urinary bladder neoplasms, as the mutations may be regarded as an independent prognostic factor for progression and recurrence of tumours. In the study, 82 patients with clinically diagnosed urinary bladder tumour were included. The control was composed of DNA samples from urine and blood of 202 healthy patients.

Application of multiplex FISH, CGH and MSSCP techniques for cytogenetic and molecular analysis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells in voided urine specimens.

Multiplex FISH (UroVysion), Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), and Multitemperature Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (MSSCP) were applied for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. The UroVysion test was positive in 80% of patients with pT1 and in 100% of patients with either pT2 or pT3 tumours. Tumours with pT3T4 stages were characterized by high numbers of chromosomal imbalances, detected by CGH.