Australian healthcare professionals' beliefs and practice behaviours in management of chronic pelvic pain: a cross-sectional survey.

Background Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common and debilitating condition, and sufferers present to healthcare professionals with variable complex symptoms and co-morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the current beliefs and practice behaviours of healthcare professionals towards the management of CPP in Australian females. Methods We distributed an online survey to Australian healthcare professionals.

Follow-up to determine unplanned hospitalization and complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Background: Studies of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related complications are inconsistent and sometimes have insufficient patient follow-up. The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for ERCP-related events, leading to hospitalization in the case of outpatients and prolonged hospital stay in the case of inpatients, using assiduous follow-up and contemporaneous recording of data.

Methods: Prospectively collected data of 1000 consecutive ERCP procedures performed by a single endoscopist at a tertiary referral centre in Canberra, Australia, were studied and the complications evaluated.

Microparticles released from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected human macrophages contain increased levels of the type I interferon inducible proteins including ISG15.

Microparticles (MPs) are small membranous particles (100-1000 nm) released under normal steady-state conditions and are thought to provide a communication network between host cells. Previous studies demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection of macrophages increased the release of MPs, and these MPs induced a proinflammatory response from uninfected macrophages in vitro and in vivo following their transfer into uninfected mice.