Fatigue, impaired physical function and mental health in cancer survivors: the role of social isolation.

Purpose: Cancer survivors experience an array of physical, psychological, and social problems after treatment has ended. Perceived social isolation may exacerbate the effects of physical problems on mental health. We examined the association between physical health (cancer-related fatigue and physical function) and mental health (depression and anxiety symptoms) in cancer survivors in the first year of survivorship (i.

The longitudinal association between reward processing and symptoms of video game addiction in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Background And Aims: Video games are a common form of entertainment in adolescents, which may result in gaming habits characterized by impairment to reward-related decision-making. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between reward processing and symptoms of gaming addiction in adolescents.

Methods: Data from three consecutive follow-up years (years 2, 3 and 4) of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed (n = 6,143, total observations = 12,745, mean age at year-2 = 12 years).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Failure-to-Rescue After Postoperative Sepsis After Noncardiac Surgery.

Background: Sepsis disproportionately affects marginalized communities. This study aims to evaluate racial and ethnic disparities in failure-to-rescue (FTR) after postoperative sepsis.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for patients who underwent inpatient noncardiac surgery between 2018 and 2021.

Performance of a Tic Screening Tool (MOVeIT) in Comparison to Expert Clinician Assessment in a Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Clinic Sample.

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities typically have higher rates of tics and stereotypies compared to children with otherwise typical development. Differentiating between these two pediatric movement disorders can be challenging due to overlapping clinical features, but is relevant due to distinct treatment modalities. The current study evaluated sensitivity and specificity of a tic screening measure, the Motor or Vocal Inventory of Tics (MOVeIT) in a pediatric sample enriched for stereotypy and tics.

Influence of Community Determinants on Barriers and Facilitators to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: Regional Stakeholders' Perspectives.

Our study objective was to explore possible pathways by which neighborhood-level characteristics drive COVID-19 vaccination among communities experiencing health inequity and disparities. To do so, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with stakeholders in the Finger Lakes region of New York between November 2022 through January 2023. Using a pre-developed interview guide informed by the Health Belief Model, we elicited county health commissioner, medical professional and community-health partner's perspectives regarding the impact community determinants have on shaping barriers to and facilitators of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, as well as recommended solutions for ensuring health equity in future vaccination efforts.

Dietary selenium and mercury intakes from fish consumption during pregnancy: Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2.

Some health agencies have issued precautionary principle fish advisories to pregnant women based on the presence of methylmercury (MeHg) in fish that could possibly be harmful to the developing fetus. Fish, however, is a rich source of selenium (Se) and other nutrients essential for normal brain development. Selenium is also thought to have a key role in alleviating MeHg toxicity.

Attitudes and experiences regarding preventive strategies for the deaf population in Western New York.

People for whom English is a second language, such as the deaf population, often have unequal access to health information and low health literacy. In the context of a wider study on risk of tick-borne illness in deaf communities, we explored barriers, opportunities, and nuances to accessible health information and communication among deaf people. Semi-structured qualitative individual and group interviews were conducted with 40 deaf people in upstate New York, to explore factors associated with health literacy and health information accessibility.

Net effects explains the benefits to children from maternal fish consumption despite methylmercury in fish.

In 2001 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued precautionary advice to pregnant women to limit fish consumption over concern that the methylmercury content might harm their children's neurodevelopment.

KEAP1 polymorphisms and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with exposure to prenatal MeHg from the Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition Cohort 2.

Background: Humans differ in the metabolism of the neurotoxicant methyl mercury (MeHg). This variation may be partially due to variation in genes encoding the transcription factor Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (KEAP1), which regulate glutathione and related transporter and antioxidant proteins that play a role in the metabolism and neurotoxicity of MeHg.

Aim: To elucidate a potential risk from genetic variation in NFE2L2 (encoding NRF2) and KEAP1 toward prenatal mercury exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes at 20 months and 7 years of age in a population with variable prenatal exposure to MeHg from maternal fish consumption.

Fish consumption and its lipid modifying effects - A review of intervention studies.

Fish is an important source of nutrients, particularly the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). The incorporation of fish into the diet has been shown to have several health benefits, including lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated plasma lipids are one of the main modifiable risk factors contributing to CVD and may be partly mediated by n-3 PUFAs.

Potential role of selenium in modifying the effect of maternal methylmercury exposure on child neurodevelopment - A review.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for normal neurodevelopment. It is incorporated into multiple selenoenzymes which have roles in the brain and neurological function, the synthesis of thyroid hormones, the antioxidant defense system, DNA synthesis, and reproduction. Fish is a source of both Se and neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg).

Associations between serum taurine concentrations in mothers and neonates and the children's anthropometrics and early neurodevelopment: Results from the Seychelles Child Development Study, Nutrition Cohort 2.

Background: High concentrations of taurine are present in the developing human brain and maternal breast milk. Taurine is thought to influence fetal growth and brain development based on experimental rodent studies. As fish is an important dietary source of taurine, we investigated associations between taurine concentrations and child outcomes in a high fish consuming population.

Mental health outcomes and correlates in cancer patients entering survivorship after curative treatment.

Objective: Cancer survivors face numerous physical and mental health challenges after treatment completion. However, few studies have examined mental health in cancer survivors who received curative treatment during the transition out of active treatment and into survivorship. The current study describes the mental health outcomes and their correlates in cancer survivors treated with curative intent during the first year of survivorship.

The association of auditory function measures with low-level methylmercury from oceanic fish consumption and mercury vapor from amalgam: The Seychelles Child Development Study Nutrition 1 Cohort.

Background: Some authors have reported that low-level exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) adversely impacts measures of auditory function. These reports, however, are not consistent in their findings. Consequently, we examined auditory function in a population exposed to low-level methylmercury (MeHg) exposure from fish consumption and to mercury vapor (Hg) from dental amalgams.

Validation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC-5) Tic Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Modules.

Effective methods to assess mental disorders in children are necessary for accurate prevalence estimates and to monitor prevalence over time. This study assessed updates of the tic disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) modules of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Version 5 (DISC-5) that reflect changes in diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth edition, DSM-5). The DISC-5 tic disorder and ADHD parent- and child-report modules were compared to expert clinical assessment for 100 children aged 6-17 years (40 with tic disorder alone, 17 with tic disorder and ADHD, 9 with ADHD alone, and 34 with neither) for validation.

Serum carotenoids and cancer-related fatigue: An analysis of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Cancer-related fatigue is a prevalent, debilitating condition, and preliminary evidence suggests a relationship between higher diet quality and lower fatigue. Serum-based carotenoids, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E are biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake and therefore diet quality. To further elucidate the link between diet quality and cancer-related fatigue, associations were assessed between these serum-based nutrients and fatigue among American adults with special attention to cancer history.

Development of a long-term time-weighted exposure metric that accounts for missing data in the Seychelles Child Development Study.

In many studies of the health effects of toxicants, exposure is measured once even though exposure may be continuous. However, some studies collect repeated measurements on participants over an extended time with the goal of determining a long-term metric that captures the average or cumulative exposure. This can be challenging, especially when exposure is measured at irregular intervals and has some missing values.

Brain lesions disrupting addiction map to a common human brain circuit.

Drug addiction is a public health crisis for which new treatments are urgently needed. In rare cases, regional brain damage can lead to addiction remission. These cases may be used to identify therapeutic targets for neuromodulation.

Contribution of child ABC-transporter genetics to prenatal MeHg exposure and neurodevelopment.

Background: There is emerging evidence that exposure to prenatal methylmercury (MeHg) from maternal fish consumption during pregnancy can differ between individuals due to genetic variation. In previous studies, we have reported that maternal polymorphisms in ABC-transporter genes were associated with maternal hair MeHg concentrations, and with children's early neurodevelopmental tests. In this study, we add to these findings by evaluating the contribution of genetic variation in children's ABC-transporter genes to prenatal MeHg exposure and early child neurodevelopmental tests.

Associations between time-weighted postnatal methylmercury exposure from fish consumption and neurodevelopmental outcomes through 24 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study Main Cohort.

Purpose: Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neurodevelopmental toxicant in sufficient dosage and is universally found in fish. Current fish advisories for children are based on epidemiology studies examining prenatal exposure with a premise that MeHg exposure resulting from children eating fish could also be neurotoxic and have long-term consequences. However, the evidence that this assumption is true is limited.