Publications by authors named "Edwin E Salpeter"
Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
April 2010
Background: Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent that has been shown to reduce total mortality compared to other anti-hyperglycemic agents, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin, however, is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis, and has been considered to be contraindicated in many chronic hypoxemic conditions that may be associated with lactic acidosis, such as cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and pulmonary disease, and advancing age.
Objectives: To assess the incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis, and to evaluate blood lactate levels, for those on metformin treatment compared to placebo or non-metformin therapies.
Background: There is uncertainty over the risks and benefits of hormone therapy. We performed a Bayesian meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of hormone therapy on total mortality in younger postmenopausal women. This analysis synthesizes evidence from different sources, taking into account varying views on the issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The use of adjuvant therapy in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. There is a need to identify more effective predictors than the traditional staging system to aid therapeutic decision-making. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of gene expression profiles (GEPs) to assess their utility for risk stratification and prediction of poor outcomes in stage II CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To evaluate the health and economic outcomes of hormone therapy in younger and older postmenopausal women.
Methods: We developed a cost-effectiveness model to evaluate outcomes associated with hormone therapy in younger and older postmenopausal women, using data sources from published literature through March 2008. The target population was 50-year-old and 65-year-old women given hormone therapy or no therapy, and then followed over their lifetime.
Purpose: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of metformin on metabolic parameters and the incidence of new-onset diabetes in persons at risk for diabetes.
Methods: We performed comprehensive English- and non-English-language searches of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases from 1966 to November of 2006 and scanned selected references. We included randomized trials of at least 8 weeks duration that compared metformin with placebo or no treatment in persons without diabetes and evaluated body mass index, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, calculated insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and the incidence of new-onset diabetes.
Background: Anticholinergics and beta2-agonists have generally been considered equivalent choices for bronchodilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of anticholinergics and beta2-agonists in COPD.
Design: We comprehensively searched electronic databases from 1966 to December 2005, clinical trial websites, and references from selected reviews.
Background: Long-acting beta-agonists may increase the risk for fatal and nonfatal asthma exacerbations.
Purpose: To assess the risk for severe, life-threatening, or fatal asthma exacerbations associated with long-acting beta-agonists.
Data Sources: English- and non-English-language searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases; the U.
Objective: To assess the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on coronary heart disease (CHD) events in younger and older postmenopausal women.
Design: A comprehensive database search identified randomized-controlled trials of HT of at least 6 months' duration that reported CHD events, defined as myocardial infarction or cardiac death.
Measurements: The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for CHD events were reported separately for younger and older women, defined as participants with mean time from menopause of less than or greater than 10 years, or mean age less than or greater than 60 years.
Objective: To evaluate cost-effective screening and treatment strategies for healthcare workers (HCWs) at risk for tuberculosis exposure.
Design: A Markov model was developed to track three hypothetical cohorts of HCWs at low, moderate, and high risk for tuberculosis exposure. For those found to be tuberculin reactors at entry, the choice was for isoniazid treatment or no treatment.
Objective: To assess mortality associated with hormone replacement in younger and older postmenopausal women.
Design: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials of hormone replacement therapy from 1966 to September 2002. The search was augmented by scanning selected journals through April 2003 and references of identified articles.
Background: beta-Adrenergic agonists exert physiologic effects that are the opposite of those of beta-blockers. beta-Blockers are known to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiac disease. beta(2)-Agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease has been associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrest, and acute cardiac death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The regular administration of beta2-agonists may be associated with the development of tolerance to their effects.
Purpose: To assess the effect of regular beta2-agonist use on respiratory function and beta2-receptor function in asthmatic patients.
Data Sources: Comprehensive searches of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases from 1966 to June 2003 and references of identified articles and reviews.
Background: Metformin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to reduce total mortality rates compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments but is thought to increase the risk of lactic acidosis. The true incidence of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis associated with metformin use is not known.
Methods: A comprehensive search was performed to identify all comparative trials or observational cohort studies published between January 1, 1959, and March 31, 2002, that evaluated metformin therapy, alone or in combination with other treatments, for at least 1 month.
The degradation rates of acetylcholine receptors (AchRs) were evaluated at the neuromuscular junction during and just after reinnervation of denervated muscles. When mouse sternomastoid muscles are denervated by multiple nerve crush, reinnervation begins 2-4 days later and is complete by day 7-9 after the last crush. In fully innervated muscles, the AChR degradation rate is stable and slow (t1/2 approximately 10 days), whereas after denervation the newly inserted receptors degrade rapidly (t1/2 approximately 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To assess the effect of cardioselective beta-blockers on respiratory function of patients with reactive airway disease.
Data Sources: Comprehensive searches of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL databases from 1966 to May 2001 and scanning of references of the identified articles and related reviews.
Study Selection: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials that studied the effects of cardioselective beta-blockers on FEV1, symptoms, and the use of inhaled beta2-agonists in patients with reactive airway disease were selected.