Spatial correlation between in vivo imaging and immunohistochemical biomarkers: A methodological study.

In this study, we present a method that enables voxel-by-voxel comparison of in vivo imaging to immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers. As a proof of concept, we investigated the spatial correlation between dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-)CT parameters and IHC biomarkers Ki-67 (proliferation), HIF-1α (hypoxia), and CD45 (immune cells). 54 whole-mount tumor slices of 15 laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas were immunohistochemically stained and digitized.

The relationship of fat and muscle measurements with emphysema and bronchial wall thickening in smokers.

Introduction: Differences in body composition in patients with COPD may have important prognostic value and may provide opportunities for patient-specific management. We investigated the relation of thoracic fat and muscle with computed tomography (CT)-measured emphysema and bronchial wall thickening.

Methods: Low-dose baseline chest CT scans from 1031 male lung cancer screening participants from one site were quantified for emphysema, bronchial wall thickening, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat and skeletal muscle.

A monocenter, patient-blinded, randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority study to compare cochlear implant receiver/stimulator device fixation techniques (COMFIT) with and without drilling in adults eligible for primary cochlear implantation.

Background: During the cochlear implantation procedure, the receiver/stimulator (R/S) part of the implant is fixated to prevent postoperative device migration, which could have an adverse effect on the position of the electrode array in the cochlea. We aim to compare the migration rates of two fixation techniques, the bony recess versus the subperiosteal tight pocket without bony sutures.

Methods And Analysis: This single-blind randomized controlled trial will recruit a total of 112 primary cochlear implantation adult patients, eligible for implantation according to the current standard of practice.

Cerebrospinal fluid volume improves prediction of malignant edema after endovascular treatment of stroke.

Background: The ratio of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume to intracranial volume (ICV) has been identified as a potential predictor of malignant edema formation in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the added value of the CSF/ICV ratio in a model to predict malignant edema formation in patients who underwent endovascular treatment.

Methods: We included patients from the MR CLEAN Registry, a prospective national multicenter registry of patients who were treated with endovascular treatment between 2014 and 2017 because of acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion.

Probability maps classify ischemic stroke regions more accurately than CT perfusion summary maps.

Objectives: To compare single parameter thresholding with multivariable probabilistic classification of ischemic stroke regions in the analysis of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameter maps.

Methods: Patients were included from two multicenter trials and were divided into two groups based on their modified arterial occlusive lesion grade. CTP parameter maps were generated with three methods-a commercial method (ISP), block-circulant singular value decomposition (bSVD), and non-linear regression (NLR).

Comparing methods of detecting and segmenting unruptured intracranial aneurysms on TOF-MRAS: The ADAM challenge.

Accurate detection and quantification of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is important for rupture risk assessment and to allow an informed treatment decision to be made. Currently, 2D manual measures used to assess UIAs on Time-of-Flight magnetic resonance angiographies (TOF-MRAs) lack 3D information and there is substantial inter-observer variability for both aneurysm detection and assessment of aneurysm size and growth. 3D measures could be helpful to improve aneurysm detection and quantification but are time-consuming and would therefore benefit from a reliable automatic UIA detection and segmentation method.

Variation in arterial input function in a large multicenter computed tomography perfusion study.

Objectives: To report the variation in computed tomography perfusion (CTP) arterial input function (AIF) in a multicenter stroke study and to assess the impact this has on CTP results.

Methods: CTP datasets from 14 different centers were included from the DUtch acute STroke (DUST) study. The AIF was taken as a direct measure to characterize contrast bolus injection.

Non-contrast dual-energy CT virtual ischemia maps accurately estimate ischemic core size in large-vessel occlusive stroke.

Dual-energy CT (DECT) material decomposition techniques may better detect edema within cerebral infarcts than conventional non-contrast CT (NCCT). This study compared if Virtual Ischemia Maps (VIM) derived from non-contrast DECT of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) are superior to NCCT for ischemic core estimation, compared against reference-standard DWI-MRI. Only patients whose baseline ischemic core was most likely to remain stable on follow-up MRI were included, defined as those with excellent post-thrombectomy revascularization or no perfusion mismatch.

Early detection of small volume stroke and thromboembolic sources with computed tomography: Rationale and design of the ENCLOSE study.

Background: Computed tomography is the most frequently used imaging modality in acute stroke imaging protocols. Detection of small volume infarcts in the brain and cardioembolic sources of stroke is difficult with current computed tomography protocols. Furthermore, the role of computed tomography findings to predict recurrent ischemic stroke is unclear.

Bringing AI to the clinic: blueprint for a vendor-neutral AI deployment infrastructure.

AI provides tremendous opportunities for improving patient care, but at present there is little evidence of real-world uptake. An important barrier is the lack of well-designed, vendor-neutral and future-proof infrastructures for deployment. Because current AI algorithms are very narrow in scope, it is expected that a typical hospital will deploy many algorithms concurrently.

From perviousness to permeability, modelling and measuring intra-thrombus flow in acute ischemic stroke.

Thrombus permeability determines blood flow through the occluding thrombus in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. The quantification of thrombus permeability is challenging since it cannot be directly measured nor derived from radiological imaging data. As a proxy of thrombus permeability, thrombus perviousness has been introduced, which assesses the amount of contrast agent that has penetrated the thrombus on single-phase computed tomography angiography (CTA).

A Reflectivity Measure to Quantify Bruch's Membrane Calcification in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: Progressive calcification of Bruch's membrane (BM) causes considerable visual morbidity in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). Since calcification is hyperreflective on optical coherence tomography (OCT), our aim was to measure BM calcification with OCT imaging.

Methods: Case-control study with 45 patients with PXE under 40 years (range, 11-39) and 25 controls (range, 14-39).

Virtual monochromatic dual-energy CT reconstructions improve detection of cerebral infarct in patients with suspicion of stroke.

Purpose: Early infarcts are hard to diagnose on non-contrast head CT. Dual-energy CT (DECT) may potentially increase infarct differentiation. The optimal DECT settings for differentiation were identified and evaluated.

Image Quality of Virtual Monochromatic Reconstructions of Noncontrast CT on a Dual-Source CT Scanner in Adult Patients.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the image quality of virtual monochromatic images (VMI) reconstructed from dual-energy dual-source noncontrast head CT with different reconstruction kernels.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five consecutive adult patients underwent noncontrast dual-energy CT. VMI were retrospectively reconstructed at 5-keV increments from 40 to 140 keV using quantitative and head kernels.

Improving the Quality of Cerebral Perfusion Maps With Monoenergetic Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Reconstructions.

Objective: We compared 40- to 70-keV virtual monoenergetic to conventional computed tomography (CT) perfusion reconstructions with respect to quality of perfusion maps.

Methods: Conventional CT perfusion (CTP) images were acquired at 80 kVp in 25 patients, and 40- to 70-keV images were acquired with a dual-layer CT at 120 kVp in 25 patients. First, time-attenuation-curve contrast-to-noise ratio was assessed.

Stroke progression and clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients with a history of migraine.

Background: Patients with migraine might be more susceptible of spreading depolarizations, which are known to affect vascular and neuronal function and penumbra recovery after stroke. We investigated whether these patients have more severe stroke progression and less favorable outcomes after recanalization therapy.

Methods: We included patients from a prospective multicenter ischemic stroke cohort.

Intracranial Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume as a Predictor of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction.

Background and Purpose- Predicting malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction can help to identify patients who may benefit from preventive decompressive surgery. We aimed to investigate the association between the ratio of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume to intracranial volume (ICV) and malignant MCA infarction. Methods- Patients with an occlusion proximal to the M3 segment of the MCA were selected from the DUST (Dutch Acute Stroke Study).

Effect of prolonged acquisition intervals for CT-perfusion analysis methods in patients with ischemic stroke.

Introduction: The limited axial coverage of many computed tomography (CT) scanners poses a high risk on false negative findings in cerebral CT-perfusion (CTP) imaging. Axial coverage may be increased by moving the table back and forth during image acquisition. However, this method often increases the acquisition interval between CT frames, which may influence the CTP analysis.

Comparison of Place-versus-Pitch Mismatch between a Perimodiolar and Lateral Wall Cochlear Implant Electrode Array in Patients with Single-Sided Deafness and a Cochlear Implant.

Background: In electric-acoustic pitch matching experiments in patients with single-sided deafness and a cochlear implant, the observed "mismatch" between perceived pitch and predicted pitch, based on the amended Greenwood frequency map, ranges from -1 to -2 octaves. It is unknown if and how this mismatch differs for perimodiolar versus lateral wall electrode arrays.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate if the type of electrode array design is of influence on the electric-acoustic pitch match.

Wake-Up Stroke versus Stroke with Known Onset Time: Clinical and Multimodality CT Imaging Characteristics.

Background: Current guidelines for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke are mainly based on the time between symptom onset and initiation of treatment. This time is unknown in patients with wake-up stroke (WUS). We investigated clinical and multimodality CT imaging characteristics on admission in patients with WUS and in patients with a stroke with a known onset time.

Image quality of conventional images of dual-layer SPECTRAL CT: A phantom study.

Purpose: Spectral CT using a dual layer detector offers the possibility of retrospectively introducing spectral information to conventional CT images. In theory, the dual-layer technology should not come with a dose or image quality penalty for conventional images. In this study, we evaluate the influence of a dual-layer detector (IQon Spectral CT, Philips Healthcare) on the image quality of conventional CT images, by comparing these images with those of a conventional but otherwise technically comparable single-layer CT scanner (Brilliance iCT, Philips Healthcare), by means of phantom experiments.