Rational Synthesis of Highly Stable Dithienopyrrole-Embedded BODIPYs Exhibiting Large Stokes Shift.

A series of dithienopyrrole (DTP) embedded BODIPYs were synthesized and structurally characterized. These BODIPYs have strong absorption in the green region and broad emission in the red region with a large Stokes shift ranging from 3100 to 4200 cm. Interestingly, all three BODIPYs show intramolecular charge transfer interaction (ICT).

The workshops on computational applications in secondary metabolite discovery (CAiSMD).

We report the outcomes of the second session of the free online open-access workshop "Computational Applications in Secondary Metabolite Discovery (CAiSMD) 2022" that took place from 09 to 11 March 2022. The first session was held from 08 to 10 March 2021 and drew the attention of many early career scientists from academia and industry. The 23 invited speakers of this year's workshop also came from academia and industry and 222 registered participants from five continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, South, and North America) took part in the workshop.

The Ethical Dilemma of Balancing Confidentiality and Duty to Protect: A Case Report of Comorbid Schizophrenia and Cannabis Use Disorder with Homicidal Thoughts.

This is a report of a 29-year-old female with a history of Schizophrenia and Cannabis Use Disorder who presented with auditory hallucinations that asked her to kill her immediate supervisor. She presented the ethical dilemma many healthcare providers face in balancing the principles of patient confidentiality with the duty to protect and beneficence. The clinicians breached the patient's right to confidentiality to protect her supervisor by informing the supervisor, their manager, and the police.

Isolated Unilateral Absence of Lunate: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Isolated unilateral absence of lunate is an extremely rare condition with only one such case reported in English literature so far. The rarity of this condition can lead to diagnostic dilemma, especially if patient has an old history of trauma or surgery around the wrist, leading to unnecessary intervention and difficulty in ensuring a good surgical outcome. We present such a case and discuss the clinical pointers to the diagnosis of this condition.

Template Assisted Formation of 32 and 34π Octaphyrins Embedded with Dithienopyrrole Cores: A New Scaffold to Unravel Proton Coupled Redox Switching and (Anti)Aromaticity.

Herein, we report two distinct octaphyrins obtained by the condensation of new dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole based tetrapyrrane under two different acidic conditions. Fourfold meso-substituted octaphyrin was the major product when the reaction was performed in the presence of an aryl aldehyde using trifluoroacetic acid. Whereas, the sixfold meso-substituted octaphyrin was obtained when the precursor was condensed with pentafluorobenzaldehyde using para-toluenesulfonic acid.

A multicentric study to evaluate the treatment outcome and complications after oral rehabilitation with implant-supported hybrid prostheses.

Background: As a newer modality of rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients, there is no conclusive evidence on which of the variants of hybrid prosthesis, namely acrylic teeth on a metal substructure or porcelain fused to metal teeth over on a metal substructure, is better in terms of treatment outcome, reduced mechanical complications, and better patient compliance.

Methods: Sixteen completely edentulous patients, both male and female, were selected from the OPD of the study centers during the study period. : Eight patients rehabilitated by maxillary and mandibular hybrid prosthesis using a substructure of metal covered by acrylic teeth, which was screwed on the implants.

Management of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome in Low-Resource Settings and the Ethics of Decision-Making.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is possibly the most challenging congenital heart defect to confront in any setting. The highly specialized infrastructure and resources needed to treat HLHS is not available in many low-resource settings. However, low-resource settings must not be assumed to be synonymous with low- and middle-income countries as national income is not necessarily indicative of a country's prioritization of healthcare resources.

Coordination and Management of COVID-19 in Africa through Health Operations and Technical Expertise Pillar: A Case Study from WHO AFRO One Year into Response.

following the importation of the first Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case into Africa on 14 February 2020 in Egypt, the World Health Organisation (WHO) regional office for Africa (AFRO) activated a three-level incident management support team (IMST), with technical pillars, to coordinate planning, implementing, supervision, and monitoring of the situation and progress of implementation as well as response to the pandemic in the region. At WHO AFRO, one of the pillars was the health operations and technical expertise (HOTE) pillar with five sub-pillars: case management, infection prevention and control, risk communication and community engagement, laboratory, and emergency medical team (EMT). This paper documents the learnings (both positive and negative for consideration of change) from the activities of the HOTE pillar and recommends future actions for improving its coordination for future emergencies, especially for multi-country outbreaks or pandemic emergency responses.

A Comparative Evaluation of Abrasion Resistance of Three Commercially Available Type IV Dental Stone, Dried using Three Different Drying Techniques - An Study.

Background: The microwave technique of drying dental stone to achieve improved hardness and strength has been suggested in recent years. However, its effect on the wear properties of dental stone has not been thoroughly examined.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the abrasion resistance of three commercially available Type IV dental stones using three different drying techniques.

Carbazole-Based Porphyrins: Synthesis, Structure-Photophysical Property Correlations, and Mercury Ion Sensing.

The synthesis of a new class of carbazole based macrocycles via [3 + 1] acid-catalyzed condensation is reported. Spectroscopic investigations and computational studies imply that these macrocycles have a large influence on the electronic structure in comparison to previously reported carbazole based macrocycles. Macrocycle bearing a furan ring reversibly binds aqueous Hg with high affinity over other M ions.

The willingness to participate in biomedical research involving human beings in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Objectives: To systematically review reasons for the willingness to participate in biomedical human subjects research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Five databases were systematically searched for articles published between 2000 and 2017 containing the domain of 'human subjects research' in 'LMICs' and determinant 'reasons for (non)participation'. Reasons mentioned were extracted, ranked and results narratively described.

Hidden dangers-prevalence of blood borne pathogens, hepatitis B, C, HIV and syphilis, among blood donors in Sierra Leone in 2016: opportunities for improvement: a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Transmissible blood-borne infections are a serious threat to blood transfusion safety in West African countries; and yet blood remains a key therapeutic product in the clinical management of patients. Sierra Leone screens blood donors for blood-borne infections but has not implemented prevention of mother-to-child transmission for hepatitis B. This study aimed to describe the overall prevalence of hepatitis B and C, HIV and syphilis among blood donors in Sierra Leone in 2016 and to compare the differences between volunteer versus family replacement donors, as well as urban versus rural donors.

Evidence-based guidelines for supportive care of patients with Ebola virus disease.

The 2013-16 Ebola virus disease outbreak in west Africa was associated with unprecedented challenges in the provision of care to patients with Ebola virus disease, including absence of pre-existing isolation and treatment facilities, patients' reluctance to present for medical care, and limitations in the provision of supportive medical care. Case fatality rates in west Africa were initially greater than 70%, but decreased with improvements in supportive care. To inform optimal care in a future outbreak of Ebola virus disease, we employed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology to develop evidence-based guidelines for the delivery of supportive care to patients admitted to Ebola treatment units.

Ethical Dilemmas Relating to the Management of a Newborn with Down Syndrome and Severe Congenital Heart Disease in a Resource-Poor Setting.

Decision-making regarding treatment for newborns with disabilities in resource-poor settings is a difficult process that can put parents and caregivers in conflict. Despite several guidelines that have helped to clarify some of the medical decision-making in Ghana, there is still no clear consensus on the specific moral criteria to be used. This article presents the case of a mother who expressed her wish that her child with Down syndrome should not have been resuscitated at birth.

Structure of the N-terminal domain of the metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae.

The metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae serves an important function for the ability of bacteria to invade the mammalian host cell. The protein belongs to the family of M6 proteases, with a characteristic zinc ion in the catalytic active site. PrtV constitutes a 918 amino acids (102 kDa) multidomain pre-pro-protein that undergoes several N- and C-terminal modifications to form a catalytically active protease.

A Structured Approach to End-of-Life Decision Making Improves Quality of Care for Patients With Terminal Illness in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana.

Purpose: To determine whether a structured approach to end-of-life decision-making directed by a compassionate interdisciplinary team would improve the quality of care for patients with terminal illness in a teaching hospital in Ghana.

Findings: A retrospective analysis was done for 20 patients who consented to participate in the structured approach to end-of-life decision-making. Twenty patients whose care did not follow the structured approach were selected as controls.

Domain isolation, expression, purification and proteolytic activity of the metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae.

The metalloprotease PrtV from Vibrio cholerae serves an important function for the bacteria's ability to invade the mammalian host cell. The protein belongs to the family of M6 proteases, with a characteristic zinc ion in the catalytic active site. PrtV constitutes a 918 amino acids (102 kDa) multidomain pre-pro-protein that so far has only been expressed in V.

Calcium binding by the PKD1 domain regulates interdomain flexibility in Vibrio cholerae metalloprotease PrtV.

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, releases several virulence factors including secreted proteases when it infects its host. These factors attack host cell proteins and break down tissue barriers and cellular matrix components such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin, keratin, elastin, and they induce necrotic tissue damage. The secreted protease PrtV constitutes one virulence factors of V.

Lead in potable water sources in Abakaliki metropolis, South-East, Nigeria.

Lead concentration was analyzed in potable water samples (25 well water, 15 borehole water, 7 tap water and 3 stream/river water samples), collected randomly from 5 zones (Abakaliki urban, Azuiyiokwu, Kpirikpiri, Nkaliki and Onuebonyi/rice mill) in Abakaliki metropolis, South-East Nigeria, using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean ± SD lead levels of Tap, well, borehole and stream/river water were 0.13 ± 0.

Hydrogen peroxide vapour for decontaminating air-conditioning ducts and rooms of an emergency complex in northern India: time to move on.

Overcrowding and patient overload in emergency services areas often mean that inadequate attention is paid to thorough cleaning, disinfection of rooms and air-conditioning ducts, which would require closing the area concerned. Over a period of time, this leads to accumulation of lint, fibre, dust and fungal growth. This study assessed the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide fog to decontaminate the air-conditioning ducts as well as for room disinfection without having to close down the area.

Is routine human papillomavirus vaccination an option for ghana?

Cervical cancer remains an important public health problem in developing countries where over 80% of the global burden occurs annually but screening has been ineffective. In a polygamous country like Ghana with a high incidence of cervical cancer but no national screening program, the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine presents a unique opportunity to reduce the burden of HPV infection and cervical cancer in Ghanaian women. The evidence so far indicates that the vaccines are safe and efficacious.

Profile of breast diseases at a self-referral clinic in Ghana.

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in Ghana, and many patients are referred with advanced disease and long duration of symptoms.

Objective: To determine the spectrum of breast disease diagnosed through patient self-referral in Ghana.

Methods: A breast clinic, where patients could walk in without referral, was started in the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in 2001.