Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus of the Male External Genitalia: A Pediatric Case Report of Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management.

Congenital melanocytic nevi are present at birth or develop within the first few months of life. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi are a rare variant and may involve the external genitalia with a confluent "bathing trunk" distribution. Rapid growth of proliferative nodules of melanocytic cells may cause disfigurement and anatomical distortion resulting in psychological distress and loss of functionality.

Infantile versus childhood posterior urethral valve diagnosis: management patterns and clinical outcomes at opposite ends of the spectrum.

Background: Management patterns and outcomes are poorly defined in cases of late PUV diagnosis.

Objective: To compare post-ablation management and clinical outcomes of patients with infantile (<1 year) versus childhood (>5 year) PUV diagnosis to gain insight into the pathologies at opposite ends of the PUV spectrum.

Study Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX research network between 2006 and 2022.

Use of Perirectal Hyaluronic Acid Spacer Prior to Radiotherapy in a Pediatric Patient With Bladder Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Case Report.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treatment involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. A radioprotective space between the bladder/prostate and rectum reduces postradiation complications, as reported in adult patients. Describe pediatric preradiotherapy perirectal hyaluronic acid (HA) spacer injection for bladder/prostate RMS.

Posterior urethral morphology on initial voiding cystourethrogram correlates to early renal outcomes in infants with posterior urethral valves.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) is a leading cause of chronic renal failure in childhood. Bladder and posterior urethral deformity in infants with PUV are highly variable on initial voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Some types of deformity may be more important than others in determining the severity of the condition.

Role of progressive urethral dilation and primary valve ablation in the long-term renal outcomes of small, preterm infants with posterior urethral valve.

Introduction: PUV patients managed with primary vesicostomy instead of primary valve ablation (PVA) historically are preterm, low-birth-weight (LBW) infants with inadequate urethral size. We previously described progressive urethral dilation (PUD) as an effective method of enhancing the likelihood of PVA in these infants, allowing equal access to PVA as an initial management method.

Objective: We aim to characterize renal outcomes in patients managed with PUD + PVA and compare this to outcomes with PVA alone.

Predicting childhood chronic kidney disease severity in infants with posterior urethral valve: a critical analysis of creatinine values in the first year of life.

Background: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is a leading cause of chronic kidney failure in children. Studies have shown that a creatinine nadir above historical cutoff values of 0.8 or 1.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Presenting as Gross Hematuria in a Pediatric Patient With VACTERL Syndrome Following Bladder Augmentation.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare and poorly understood inflammatory neoplasms. Most commonly occurring in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, cases of bladder involvement have been rarely reported. Bladder IMT generally presents with gross hematuria and can be differentiated from other bladder tumors by expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase.

A Review of Mullerian Anomalies and Their Urologic Associations.

Structural anomalies of the female reproductive tract, known as Mullerian anomalies, can occur in isolation or in association with anomalies of other organ systems. Due to shared embryology, the most common association in up to 40% of patients is with renal, ureteral, and bladder anomalies. Affected girls can have a wide range of genitourinary symptoms with urologists playing an integral role in their diagnosis and treatment.

Fate of Pediatric Renal Angiomyolipoma During mTOR Inhibitor Treatment in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic follow-up of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) on mTOR inhibitors.

Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of children who were diagnosed with TSC between 2000 and 2019 and prescribed everolimus at age ≤18 years. Treatment assessment was performed in patients who were medically-compliant by serum drug trough levels and who had at least a baseline and one subsequent renal imaging study.

Assessment of health literacy in adolescents with spina bifida and their caregivers: a multi-institutional study.

Introduction: and Objective: Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, integrate, and appraise health-related knowledge. It is known to correlate with disparities in clinical outcomes in adults with chronic disease. Patients with spina bifida represent a potentially vulnerable cohort as they often have multiple comorbidities.

Opioid utilization is minimal after outpatient pediatric urologic surgery.

Introduction: There are no guidelines for opioid use after pediatric urologic surgery, and it is unknown to what extent prescriptions written for these patients may be contributing to the opioid epidemic in the United States. We sought to characterize opioid utilization in a prospective fashion following outpatient pediatric urologic surgery at our institution.

Materials And Methods: After obtainingapproval from the Institutional Review Board, we prospectively recruited pediatric patients undergoing outpatient urologic surgery.

Abdominoplasty in prune belly syndrome: Modifications in Monfort technique to address variable patterns of abdominal wall weakness.

Introduction: Abdominoplasty is an important component of the management of children with prune belly syndrome (PBS). While there are features of the abdominal defect in PBS which are common to all patients, there will be differences unique to each patient that should be taken into consideration in surgical planning. Specifically, we have come to realize that although the Monfort procedure assumes a symmetric pattern of abdominal wall laxity, this symmetry is rarely present.

Outcomes of complex robot-assisted extravesical ureteral reimplantation in the pediatric population.

Introduction And Objective: While open ureteral reimplantation remains the gold standard for surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), minimally invasive approaches offer potential benefits. This study evaluated the outcomes of children undergoing complex robot-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation (RALUR) for failed previous anti-reflux surgery, complex anatomy, or ureterovesical junction obstruction (UVJO), and compared them with patients undergoing open extravesical repair.

Study Design: Children undergoing complex RALUR or open extravesical ureteral reimplantation (OUR) were identified.

Health-related Quality of Life in Children With Prune-belly Syndrome and Their Caregivers.

Objective: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with prune-belly syndrome (PBS) and their caregivers to healthy controls, as children and adolescents with PBS face numerous potential physical and psychosocial challenges.

Materials And Methods: Study participants completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scales (children) or Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) (caregivers) in an online, anonymous format.

Emergency Hospital Admissions for Initial Febrile Urinary Tract Infection: Do Patient Demographics Matter?

Background: In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics revised practice parameters regarding febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) in children aged 2-24 months. The Section on Urology opposed the omission of voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and expressed concern that potential untoward consequences of deferring VCUG may be most felt by children on Medicaid.

Objective: We ascertained imaging and characteristics of children presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with initial fUTI to determine the impact of patient demographics on admissions for pyelonephritis.

Further analysis of the Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft (GMS) hypospadias score: correlation with postoperative complications.

Introduction And Objective: The Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft (GMS) score is a concise and reproducible way to describe hypospadias severity. We classified boys undergoing primary hypospadias repair to determine the correlation between GMS score and postoperative complications.

Study Design: Between February 2011 and August 2013, patients undergoing primary hypospadias repair were prospectively scored using the GMS classification.

Does augmentation cystoplasty with continent reconstruction at a young age increase the risk of complications or secondary surgeries?

Introduction And Objective: Lower urinary tract reconstruction with augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is an effective strategy for achieving urinary continence in children with neurogenic or severely compromised bladder. We compared complications and need for secondary surgeries in children 3-5 years of age undergoing AC with continent reconstruction to those ≥ 6 years old.

Study Design: Medical charts of children undergoing AC with continent urinary diversion between 2003 and 2011 were reviewed.

Raynaud phenomenon and mortality: 20+ years of follow-up of the Charleston Heart Study cohort.

Background: Raynaud phenomenon (RP) is a temporary vasoconstrictive condition that often manifests itself in the fingers in response to cold or stress. It often co-occurs with certain chronic diseases that impact mortality. Our objective was to determine whether RP has any independent association with survival.