Attention-based image segmentation and classification model for the preoperative risk stratification of thyroid nodules.

Background: Despite widespread use of standardized classification systems, risk stratification of thyroid nodules is nuanced and often requires diagnostic surgery. Genomic sequencing is available for this dilemma however, costs and access restricts global applicability. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to overcome this issue nevertheless, the need for black-box interpretability is pertinent.

Impact of same-day sleeve gastrectomy surgery on postoperative emergency department visits: analysis from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative.

Background: Same-day discharge after sleeve gastrectomy (SDDSG) is being performed in select patient populations with increased regularity since 2020.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of SDDSG on emergency department (ED) visits.

Setting: Academic and private practice bariatric surgery programs participating in a statewide quality improvement collaborative.

Assessing inequities in electrification via heat pumps across the US.

Heat pumps are an energy-efficient and increasingly cost-effective solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. However, other clean energy technologies, such as rooftop solar, are less likely to be adopted in underserved communities, and thus policies incentivizing their adoption may funnel support to well-resourced communities. Unlike previously studied technologies, the effects of heat pumps on household energy bills may be positive or negative depending on local climate, energy costs, building features, and other factors.

Molecular basis of resistance to leaf spot disease in oil palm.

Introduction: Leaf spot disease caused by the fungal pathogen is one of the most common diseases found in oil palm () nurseries in South East Asia, and is most prevalent at the seedling stage. Severe infections result in localized necrotic regions of leaves that rapidly spread within nurseries leading to poor quality seedlings and high economic losses.

Methods: To understand the molecular mechanisms of this plant-pathogen interaction, RNA-Seq was used to elucidate the transcriptomes of three oil palm genotypes with contrasting pathogen responses (G10 and G12, resistant and G14, susceptible) following infection with spores.

Acute cholecystitis treated with urgent cholecystectomy achieves higher rate of critical view of safety when compared to interval cholecystectomy after tube cholecystostomy.

Background: There are few reported outcomes of treatment of acute cholecystitis incorporating current guidelines for gallbladder dissection techniques and use of percutaneous tube cholecystostomy (PCT). The authors hypothesize PCT allows regression of peritoneal inflammation, but infundibular inflammation is increased at interval cholecystectomy, resulting in greater requirement for advanced dissection techniques.

Methods: Between December 2009 and July 2023, 1222 patients were admitted with acute cholecystitis and ultimately underwent cholecystectomy.

Functional Neurological Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex and Potentially Significant Relationship.

Introduction: Functional neurological disorder (FND) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two complex neuropsychiatric conditions that have been historically classified within psychiatric domains, resulting in a lack of extensive research, insufficient clinical recognition, and persistent societal stigma. In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition among professionals and affected individuals of their possible overlap. This review explores the potential clinical and mechanistic overlap between FND and ASD, with particular attention to shared symptoms across sensory, motor, and psychiatric domains.

The landscape of primary mismatch repair deficient gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: a multi-cohort study.

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Management of dialysis access in the post-transplantation patient.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred access for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease, and arteriovenous grafts are used when AVF creation is not feasible. Post renal transplantation, hemodialysis may be needed due to delayed graft function or transplantation failure. This review aimed to summarize current evidence on the impact of maintaining versus ligating AV access on renal function and cardiovascular outcomes post transplantation.

Understanding European patterns of deprescribing antithrombotic medication during end-of-life care in patients with cancer.

Background: Even though antithrombotic therapy (ATT) probably has little or even negative effect on the well-being of patients with cancer near the end of life, it is often continued until death, possibly leading to excess bleeding complications, increased disease burden, reduced quality of life and higher healthcare costs.

Aim: To explore and describe European practice patterns and perspectives of healthcare professionals from different disciplines and specialties on ATT in the end-of-life care (EOLC) of patients with cancer.

Methods: We performed a two-week international cross-sectional survey study using flash-mob research methodology.

Navigating from cellular phenotypic screen to clinical candidate: selective targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense and drives inflammation against microbial threats, crystals, and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Dysregulation of NLRP3 activity is associated with various human diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Patients with NLRP3 mutations suffer from Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) emphasizing the clinical significance of modulating NLRP3.

Discovery of PF-07265028, A Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1) for the Treatment of Cancer.

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1/MAP4K1) represents a high interest target for the treatment of cancer through an immune-mediated mechanism. Herein we present highlights of the drug discovery campaign within the lactam/azalactam series of inhibitors that yielded a small molecule (, PF-07265028), which was advanced to a phase 1 clinical trial (NCT05233436). Key components of the discovery effort included optimization of potency through mitigation of ligand strain as guided by the use of cocrystal structures, mitigation of ADME liabilities (plasma instability and fraction metabolism by CYP2D6), and optimization of kinase selectivity, particularly over immune-modulating kinases with high homology to HPK1.

The Umbra and the Penumbra: Longitudinal Effects of Geographic Atrophy in AMD on the Outer Choroid by Imaging Analysis and Histopathological Correlation.

Purpose: To quantitate regional changes in the outer choroidal vessels in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) in AMD and to correlate with a histopathological donor sample.

Methods: We analyzed 35 participants with GA for in vivo analysis and 1 participant with subject for histopathological analysis. Participants underwent three structural optical coherence tomography scans spaced 6 months apart over 1 year.

Cilomilast Modulates Rhinovirus-Induced Airway Epithelial ICAM-1 Expression and IL-6, CXCL8 and CCL5 Production.

Cilomilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo and reduces COPD exacerbations. We tested the hypothesis that cilomilast inhibits virus-induced airway epithelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and inflammatory cytokine/chemoattractants, IL-6, CXCL8, and CCL5 production in vitro. BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with 0.

Evaluation of Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Spirulina () in Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens.

Our study objective was to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of spirulina fed to broiler chickens and laying hens using the difference method. In both experiments, birds were either fed corn-soybean meal basal diets, containing no spirulina and formulated to provide the nutrient requirements of either broilers or layers, or fed test diets consisting of 25% spirulina and 75% of the appropriate basal diet. Titanium dioxide was added to all diets as an indigestible marker.

Exploring diet-induced ketosis with exogenous ketone supplementation as a potential intervention in post-traumatic stress disorder: a feasibility study.

Background: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe and pervasive mental disorder, and patients experience numerous distressing symptoms and impairments that significantly impact their lives. In addition to being a mental disorder, PTSD is strongly associated with a wide range of metabolic abnormalities that affect the entire body. Existing treatment options of psychotherapy and medications are often ineffective.

Adding sugar to children's beverages: a theory of planned behavior study of Lebanese mothers.

This study, guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), aimed to investigate whether attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control can predict parents' intentions to reduce or stop adding sugar to their child's beverages, such as tea or milk. The research also seeks to determine the predictive power of the TPB on the actual behavior of parents in reducing or halting sugar intake in their children's drinks. A questionnaire was developed to assess sweetening beverage behavior variables by mothers of children aged 3-7 years attending Lebanese public schools, with 184 responses retained with no missing values for analysis.

Multimodal nanoparticle analysis enabled by a polymer electrolyte nanopore combined with nanoimpact electrochemistry.

Nanopores are emerging as a powerful tool for the analysis and characterization of nanoparticles at the single entity level. Here, we report that a PEG-based polymer electrolyte present inside the nanopore enables the enhanced detection of nanoparticles at low ionic strength. We develop a numerical model that recapitulates the electrical response of the glass nanopore system, revealing the response to be sensitive to the position of the polymer electrolyte interface.

Room Temperature Electrochemical-Shock Synthesis of Solid-Solution Medium-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution.

For millennia, humankind has discovered great benefits in alloying materials. Over the past 100 years, a renaissance in nanoscience has cemented the importance of nanoparticles in a variety of fields ranging from energy storage and conversion to cell biology. While many synthetic strategies exist for nanoparticle and alloy nanoparticle formation, new methods are necessary to create nanoparticles under unprecedented conditions.

The Central Role of Daily Hopeful Feelings in Predicting Well-Being: A Network Perspective.

Objective: Hope is associated with many positive outcomes. However, most research on hope has focused on its cognitive aspect, with few studies examining the affective aspect. To further clarify the nature of hope and its association with well-being, this study examined the relationship between the affective aspect of hope-namely, hopeful feelings-and various aspects of well-being.