Updates on Topical and Local Anesthesia Agents.

Use of topical and local anesthesia (LA) is the workhorse of all aspects of dentistry. There was a time in the past when dentistry was performed without any local pain control. Owing to this there are patients with dental anxiety and fear of a dental office.

Epidemiology of Oral and Maxillofacial Infections.

Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common dental infections and are constantly increasing worldwide. Distribution, occurrence of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, odontogenic infections, antibiotic resistance, oral mucosal infections, and microbe-related oral cancer are important to understand the public impact and methods of controlling such disease. Distribution of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus -related oral cancers in the US population is presented.