Association between injection practices and duration of injection among recently initiated injection drug users.

Background: Earlier studies suggest higher infection risk among recently initiated injection drug users (IDUs) than more experienced users. Whether IDUs' risky injection practices rise progressively with duration of injection or frequency of practices is higher near initiation and then taper remains an open question.

Methods: Recently initiated IDUs were street recruited and interviewed between 1997 and 1999 as part of a multisite cohort study in five US urban cities.

Reported adherence as a determinant of response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children who have human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective: The complexity of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with multiple medications, formulations, and dosing intervals, makes adherence challenging. Little is known about the adherence of children to HAART. The objective of this study was to identify correlates of adherence to HAART and the relationship between adherence and study outcomes in a pediatric clinical trial.