Possible development and resolution of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype secondary to atypical hypoadrenocorticism in a dog.

Objective: To report the possible occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype associated with atypical hypoadrenocorticism and subsequent marked improvement with treatment in a mixed breed dog.

Case Summary: A 4.5-year-old, neutered male mixed breed dog was evaluated for a history and clinicopathological changes consistent with atypical hypoadrenocorticism.

Thromboelastographic results and hypercoagulability in dogs with surgically treated hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma: A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology prospective study.

Background: The most common haemostatic abnormality in dogs with cancer is hypercoagulability. A transient hypercoagulability has been documented in people with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that resolves within weeks following hepatic tumour resection.

Objective: The objective was to compare the haemostatic status of dogs with liver tumours and healthy control dogs, by comparing coagulation and thromboelastography (TEG) measurements at three time points.

Association between the COVID-19 global pandemic and the prevalence of cats presenting with urethral obstruction at two university veterinary emergency rooms.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate a potential association between the COVID-19 pandemic stay-at-home orders and the prevalence of emergency room presentations for urethral obstruction (UO) in feline patients.

Methods: Medical records and hospital census were retrospectively searched to identify the total number of cats and total number of male cats with UO presenting to two academic veterinary medical centers from 22 March to 10 August in the years 2018 (123), 2019 (137) and 2020 (175). Cats were grouped based on the year of presentation and the proportions of UO cases relative to all cats presenting to the emergency rooms during the same time frame.

Preliminary study evaluating the assessment of changes in pulmonary function associated with body positioning in dogs with suspected aspiration pneumonia.

Objective: To evaluate the variability in arterial blood gas (ABG) assessment of pulmonary function with different body positioning in dogs with suspected aspiration pneumonia.

Key Findings: The median differences in alveolar-arterial gradient, Pao , and Paco values in different recumbencies were not statistically significantly different, both within patients and across the study population. No difference was noted in ABG values in the subgroups with unilateral or bilateral disease or that were more affected on the right side versus the left side.

Impact of cytidine diphosphocholine on oxygenation in client-owned dogs with aspiration pneumonia.

Background: New drugs for veterinary patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are urgently needed. Early or late postinfection treatment of influenza-infected mice with the liponucleotide cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) resulted in decreased hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung dysfunction, and inflammation without altering viral replication. These findings suggested CDP-choline could have benefit as adjunctive treatment for ARDS in veterinary patients (VetARDS).

Resuscitation Patterns and Massive Transfusion for the Critical Bleeding Dog-A Multicentric Retrospective Study of 69 Cases (2007-2013).

To describe resuscitation patterns of critically bleeding dogs, including those receiving massive transfusion (MT). Retrospective study from three universities (2007-2013). Critically bleeding dogs, defined as dogs who received ≥ 25 ml/kg of blood products for treatment of hemorrhagic shock caused by blood loss.

Successful management of massive lamotrigine extended-release intoxication in a dog.

A 3-year-old spayed female Siberian Husky presented for evaluation following ingestion of approximately 429 mg/kg of lamotrigine extended-release. She demonstrated severe neurologic and cardiac signs and was treated with lipid emulsion, anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics and aggressive decontamination and supportive care. She was successfully discharged from the hospital 5 days later.

Fluid Therapy and the Microcirculation in Health and Critical Illness.

Fluid selection and administration during shock is typically guided by consideration of macrovascular abnormalities and resuscitative targets (perfusion parameters, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output). However, the microcirculatory unit (comprised of arterioles, true capillaries, and venules) is vital for the effective delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells and removal of waste products from the tissue beds. Given that the microcirculation is subject to both systemic and local control, there is potential for functional changes and impacts on tissue perfusion that are not reflected by macrocirculatory parameters.

Multicenter evaluation of decompressive cystocentesis in the treatment of cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To investigate whether decompressive cystocentesis (DC) safely facilitates urethral catheterization (UC) in cats with urethral obstruction (UO).

Animals: 88 male cats with UO.

Procedures: Cats were randomly assigned to receive DC prior to UC (ie, DC group cats; n = 44) or UC only (ie, UC group cats; 44).

Effect of packed red blood cell transfusion on thromboelastographic tracings in dogs with naturally occurring anemia.

Objective: To assess the effect of packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion on thromboelastographic (TEG) tracings in dogs with naturally occurring anemia.

Animals: 22 clinically anemic dogs that received a pRBC transfusion.

Procedures: For each dog, a blood sample was collected before and within 3 hours after completion of the pRBC transfusion for a CBC, nonactivated TEG analysis, and measurement of blood viscosity.

Association of abdominal effusion with a single decompressive cystocentesis prior to catheterization in male cats with urethral obstruction.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of abdominal effusion and its association with decompressive cystocentesis in male cats with urethral obstruction.

Design: Prospective observational clinical study.

Animals: Forty-five male neutered, client-owned cats with naturally occurring urethral obstruction.

Incidence of bacteriuria at presentation and resulting from urinary catheterization in feline urethral obstruction.

Objective: To determine the incidence of bacteriuria at the time of presentation and as a result of indwelling urethral catheterization in naturally occurring feline urethral obstruction (UO).

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Electrolyte, acid-base, and hemoglobin oxygen affinity alterations following irradiation and storage of canine packed red blood cells.

Background: Irradiation of RBC before transfusion is required to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease for human patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additional applications for irradiated blood may exist in oncologic surgery. The effect of irradiation on canine packed RBC (pRBC) is unknown.

Splenic vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction in a febrile dog infected with Bartonella henselae.

Objective: To describe the clinical course and successful management of a febrile dog with polyarthritis, splenic vasculitis, thrombosis, and infarction that was infected with Bartonella henselae.

Case Summary: An 8-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever was referred to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center Emergency Service for evaluation of limping, fever, vomiting, and malaise of 4 days' duration. Physical examination abnormalities included generalized weakness, diminished conscious proprioception, bilateral temporalis muscle atrophy, and diarrhea.

Assessment of microcirculatory perfusion in healthy anesthetized cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy using sidestream dark field microscopy.

Objective: To: (1) determine the feasibility of using sidestream dark field microscopy (SDM) to measure microcirculatory parameters in healthy, anesthetized cats and (2) determine if surgical tissue manipulation and anesthesia time alter these parameters during ovariohysterectomy.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Controversies in the management of feline urethral obstruction.

Objective: To discuss areas of differing opinion in the management of feline urethral obstruction and present current evidence to either support or refute common practices.

Etiology: Urethral obstruction may occur as a result from a functional obstruction (idiopathic obstruction) or a physical obstruction, such as mucous plugs or calculi within the urethra. Potential risk factors for obstruction in cats include predominantly indoor status, decreased water intake, and increased body weight.

Development of dialysis disequilibrium-like clinical signs during postobstructive management of feline urethral obstruction.

Objective: To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of a cat with acute neurologic signs subsequent to relief of urethral obstruction and rapid resolution of severe azotemia, suggesting a process similar to dialysis disequilibrium syndrome.

Case Summary: A male castrated domestic short-hair cat was presented for weakness and dull mentation. Initial physical examination was consistent with urethral obstruction and laboratory data demonstrated severe azotemia, hyperkalemia, and acidemia.

Marriage, like income and education, fails to provide shelter for women against HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: widowhood and divorce increase the risk.

Since HIV infection and its consequence, AIDS, were first described, many initial assumptions have proven to be wrong. In Africa, it is women who bear the greater burden of the disease. In many ways they are less visible than men, although at least as much at risk, often even more so.

Microcirculatory effects of a hyperviscous hemoglobin-based solution administered intravenously in dogs with experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock.

Objective: To determine whether increasing the viscosity of a standard hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC) would offset its associated vasoconstrictive effects and result in improved microvascular perfusion in healthy splenectomized dogs with experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock.

Animals: 12 male American Foxhounds.

Procedures: Each dog underwent anesthesia and splenectomy.

Successful treatment of a dog with massive 5-fluorouracil toxicosis.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation and successful treatment of a dog that ingested a lethal dose (approximately 330 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).

Case Summary: A 1-year-old male intact German Shepherd dog was presented to the Emergency Service of the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center after ingesting 10 g of 5% 5-FU cream. The dog rapidly developed refractory seizures and was managed by inducing heavy sedation with phenobarbital, benzodiazepines, ketamine, and propofol, necessitating 48 hours of mechanical ventilation.

Effects of hematocrit and red blood cell-independent viscosity on canine thromboelastographic tracings.

Background: It is well established that hematocrit (Hct) influences whole blood thromboelastography (TEG) tracings. Previous studies showed hypercoagulable TEG tracings in anemic patients despite clinical expectations that anemia often prolongs bleeding. TEG is a viscoelastic assessment of clot kinetics, and Hct is the main determinant of whole blood viscosity.

Seizures following head trauma in dogs: 259 cases (1999-2009).

Objective: To determine whether dogs with head trauma have a greater incidence of seizures than the general canine patient population.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 259 client-owned dogs.

Assessment of microcirculatory changes by use of sidestream dark field microscopy during hemorrhagic shock in dogs.

Objective: To directly assess microcirculatory changes associated with induced hemorrhagic shock by use of sidestream dark field microscopy (SDM) and correlate those values with concurrently measured macrovascular and blood gas variables in healthy anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 12 adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were anesthetized and splenectomized.

Blood gas analysis and cooximetry in retired racing Greyhounds.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) in healthy retired racing Greyhounds via cooximetry, and to establish reference intervals for blood gases and cooximetry in this breed.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital.

A protocol for managing urethral obstruction in male cats without urethral catheterization.

Objective: To determine efficacy of a protocol for managing urethral obstruction (UO) in male cats without urethral catheterization.

Design: Clinical trial.

Animals: 15 male cats with UO in which conventional treatment had been declined.